The practice of transferring vehicle financing incentive funds by leasing companies to showrooms without consumer consent raises legal issues related to a defect in the agreement and uncertainty in fulfilling consumer rights. This phenomenon indicates a gap between financing business practices and consumer protection principles in Indonesian civil law. This study uses a normative juridical method with a statutory and conceptual approach, through an analysis of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials related to contract law, consumer protection, and the doctrine of defect in the agreement. The results of the study indicate that the transfer of incentive funds without consumer consent can be qualified as a defect in the form of fraud if there is evidence of trickery, misrepresentation, or concealment of material facts in the process of forming the agreement. In addition, consumers legally have the right to demand a refund as a form of recovery of rights due to not receiving the promised benefits. Legal certainty regarding refunds still faces normative and practical obstacles, especially because there are no explicit regulations regarding the distribution mechanism for financing incentives and the responsibilities of the parties. Therefore, strengthening regulations, contractual transparency, and supervisory mechanisms are needed so that vehicle financing practices are in line with the principles of justice, good faith, and consumer protection.
Abstract: This study examines the phenomenon of regional expansion in Indonesia in the post-reformation era within the context of implementing regional autonomy. Regional expansion has become a crucial issue following the adoption of decentralization policies that grant greater authority to local governments. This research uses a normative legal method with statutory, historical, and conceptual approaches. The study focuses on analyzing the legal instruments governing regional expansion and the factors driving such processes. Based on the analysis, regional expansion is regulated under Article 18 of the 1945 Constitution and further reinforced by Law No. 23 of 2014 on Regional Government and Government Regulation No. 78 of 2007. The main driving factors include administrative effectiveness, desires for social homogeneity, fiscal incentives, and local elite interests. The study concludes that although regional expansion aims to improve public services and local welfare, its implementation still faces numerous challenges, including inadequate regional preparedness and the dominance of political interests. A comprehensive evaluation of expansion policies is necessary to ensure alignment with the primary goals of regional autonomy. Keywords: Regional Expansion, Regional Autonomy, Decentralization, Local Government, Post-Reformation.
Abstract: The implementation of the principles of simple, swift, and low-cost justice in the current development of law is influenced by digitalization, therefore the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia issued legal regulation PERMA Number 7 of 2022. In implementing the technical guidelines of PERMA 7 of 2022, the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia issued Circular Letter No. 1 of 2023 concerning Procedures for Summons and Notifications via Registered Mail, which was then realized in a Cooperation Agreement on the Delivery of Registered Letters between the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia and PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) as a serious and focused commitment to realizing an electronic, modern, efficient, and fast court system. The purpose of this study is to determine how the principles of simple, fast, and low-cost justice are implemented in the jurisdiction of the Pekanbaru Religious High Court, and what are the obstacles to summons/notification by registered mail in the settlement of cases under the jurisdiction of the Pekanbaru Religious High Court. This research method is through digital literature study, while the data used in this research is primary data obtained directly from the source, namely the Letter of the Director General of the Religious Court Agency Number: 3867/DJA/TI1.1.1/XII/2024, the Performance of the Badilag Work Unit, and the Case Tracking Information System (SIPP). Keywords: Implementation, Low Cost, Registered Letter, Digitization.
Noodwer exses (Pembelaan terpaksa melampaui batas ) Merupakan suatu pembelaan yang melampaui batas yang dilakukan oleh seseorang ketika mengalami serangan secara tiba-tiba dalam keadaan darurat karena adanya kegoncangan jiwa akibat dari adanya serangan yang sedang di alami. Rumusan masalah yang di angkat di dalam jurnal ini di antaranya yakni bagaimana perlindungan hukum terhadap korban tindak pidana kekerasan seksual yang melakukan noodwer exses yang mengakibatkan cacat permanen serta bagaimana tanggung jawab hukum bagi korban yang melakukan noodwer exses dalam tindak pidana kekerasan seksual yang mengakibatkan pelaku cacat permanen. Metode penelitian yang di pakai di dalam skripsi ini menggunakan metode penelitian normative dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konpseptual, serta beberapa bahan sumber hukum yang dipakai yang di antaranya adalah bahan hukum primer dan sekunder . Penelusuran bahan hukum yang di pakan yakni dengan studi kepustakaan mengkaji perundang-undangan serta literature yang ada. Di dalam hukum pidana terkait pembelaan terpaksa yang melampaui batas (Noodwer Exses) sesuai dengan pasal 49 ayat 2 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana yakni pembelaan terpaksa yang melampaui batas di berikan hak untuk melakukan pembelaan yang mana pembelaan ini bertujuan untuk melindungi kehormatan dirinya sendiri atau bahkan orang lain.Pertanggung jawaban pidana dalam konteks Noodwer exses , dalam hal ini sang korban yang melakukan pembelaan secara tidak sengaja melakukan perlawanan, sehingga perbuatannya di benarkan oleh Undang-Undang karena adanya kegoncangan jiwa yang di alami oleh sang korban yang melakukan pembelaan tersebut. Kata Kunci : Noodwer Exses , Tindak pidana kekerasan seksual, Cacat Permanen.
Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji penyebab terjadinya disparitas dan dasar pertimbangan hakim dalam memutus perkara tindak pidana Penggelapan Dalam Jabatan dengan focus pada Putusan Nomor : 31/Pid.B/2024/PN Bgl, Putusan Nomor: 161/Pid.B/2024/PN Bgl dan Putusan Nomor 396/Pid.B/2024/PN Bgl. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan landasan pada peraturan perundang-undangan, teori, asas dan konsep hukum. Bahan hukum yang digunakan mencakup bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbuatan Terdakwa memenuhi unsur Pasal 374 KUHP tentang penggelapan dalam jabatan dan Faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya disparitas putusan hakim sebagai berikut: a. Faktor kekuasaan dan kebebasan hakim, b. Faktor pembuktian di persidangan, c. Faktor pertimbangan hakim dalam pemberian putusan, yang terdiri dari pertimbangan yuridis dan pertimbangan non yuridis, dan d. Faktor ketidakpastian pedoman pemidanaan
