Non-Banking Microfinance Institutions (NBMFIs) are central to inclusive financial development, yet their long-term viability in developing economies remains an under-examined concern. This study constructs a composite Sustainability Index tailored to Bangladesh’s microfinance landscape, drawing on a multidimensional framework that integrates operating performance ratio, depth of outreach, and breadth of clientele. Utilizing the TOPSIS methodology, sustainability scores are calculated for 50 Bangladeshi NBMFIs across two institutional categories. The analysis reveals wide variation in sustainability performance, with scores ranging from 0.97 to 0.20. To understand the drivers of this divergence, the study estimates a multiple regression model linking sustainability to internal financial and operational metrics. Total Loan Portfolio (TLP) and Deposits Mobilized (DPM) emerge as positive predictors of sustainability, while Leverage (LEV) and Portfolio at Risk (RISK30) exert significant downward pressure. These results not only highlight the dual imperative of financial efficiency and risk control but also offer a diagnostic tool for regulators, donors, and institutional managers. The index framework is generalizable and offers potential applications for comparative assessments across regions and time.
Entrepreneurial competence is increasingly recognised as a key pillar in Vocational and Secondary Education, enhancing employability, personal development, and social inclusion. This study examines its impact on both teachers and students through a systematic review of 28 publications (2021–2025), following the PRISMA 2020 protocol. The findings highlight the influence of social, educational, and economic factors, and underscore the need for active methodologies, teacher education, and authentic pedagogical experiences to foster an ethical, inclusive, and transformative entrepreneurial culture.
This study investigates how virtual reality-induced emotional states influence ethical decision makingamong managers and workers. Using controlled virtual reality simulations with real corporate employees, we demonstrate that while this technology significantly modulates emotions, these emotional shifts do not directly alter ethical behavior. The results suggest that emotions alone might not affect (un)ethical behavior linked to organizational roles, challenging assumptions about virtual reality’s capacity to improve ethics through affective induction. These findings highlight virtual reality’s potential for emotional management in firms while underscoring the need for complementary strategies to address systemic or cognitive drivers of unethical conduct.
This study examines how information quality, trustworthiness, effectiveness, and perceived ease of use affect the quality of LinkedIn and Facebook in recruitment. Based on 200 participants over 21, all four factors positively influence site quality, which in turn boosts intent to apply. The findings help employers choose effective SNSs for job postings and offer academic insight into integrating these platforms into recruitment marketing strategies.
