Poor environmental sanitation in coastal areas is closely associated with environmentally related diseases and malnutrition among under-five children, but participatory interventions are rarely evaluated at the household level. Therefore, this study aimed to implement and evaluate a family-centered adaptation of the Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation (PHAST) method in Medan Belawan District, Indonesia. A Participatory Action Research (PAR) design engaged 30 households with children under five years of age. Qualitative interview and observation data were triangulated with descriptive pre- and post-intervention sanitation indicators and anthropometric data to validate the thematic evidence. The results from the baseline assessment showed inadequate sanitation conditions, including unsafe toilets, open wastewater channels, as well as poor hygiene and waste management. Following the intervention, all families stored water and food in covered containers, 83.3% disposed of waste daily, and 50% performed actions such as closing toilet holes and cleaning up scattered waste. The intervention increased household environmental awareness, strengthened shared family responsibility for sanitation, and produced measurable improvements in sanitation practices. This reduced the risk of environmentally related diseases, and malnutrition remains a plausible, unmeasured downstream benefit. In conclusion, the adaptation appears feasible and acceptable for strengthening household sanitation ownership in low-resource coastal communities, warranting further evaluation of its longer-term health impact.
Iron and folic acid supplementation for adolescent girls is essential for preventing anemia in countries such as Indonesia, where the prevalence of anemia ranges from 20% to 40%. The iron supplementation coverage rate in Bekasi City is 13.29%. However, only 8.3% of adolescent girls adhere to iron supplementation. This study aimed to analyze relationships between predisposing, enabling, reinforcing factors and adherence to iron supplementation among adolescent girls in Bekasi, Indonesia. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between June and August 2023 using validated questionnaires to assess predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors. A total of 400 participants were selected using the multistage sampling method consisting of cluster random sampling followed by consecutive sampling. Chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to establish the relationship between the variables. The availability of iron supplementation at schools, peer support, family support, attitude, and teacher support were found to be significantly associated with adjusted odds ratios(AOR) consecutively of 4.738 (2.654–8.460), 4.218 (2.150–8.275),2.463 (1.379–4.398), 2.291 (1.273–4.112), and 2.089 (1.058–4.124). The availability of supplements in schools emerged as the strongest factor associated with adherence to iron supplementation. Anemia prevention strategies for adolescent girls should prioritize interventions targeting the most influential determinants of adherence.
The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is projected to rise dramatically. Southeast Asia regions will predictably face a 73% increase by 2050, exacerbating risks of microvascular complications like chronic kidney disease (CKD) and ocular disorders. This study aims to investigate the association between ocular comorbidity in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with a chronic kidney disease (CKD) according to the Indonesian National Health Insurance data. This retrospective cohort study analyzed 7,581 T2DM patients (11.4% with CKD) from Indonesian National Health Insurance (NHI) database year 2016–2023. Odds ratios (OR) and hazard ratios (HR) for ocular diagnoses (ICD-10 codes) were calculated using contingency tables and cox regression after propensity score matching (PSM) for age and sex. Other retinal disorders (OR: 2.96, 95% CI: 2.22–3.96), vitreous body disorders (OR: 2.92, 95% CI: 2.09–4.08), and other cataracts (OR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.35–2.13) had significantly higher odds of CKD occurrence in T2DM patients. Conversely, refractive errors showed a lower OR (0.79, 95% CI: 0.64–0.99). Adjusted HRs confirmed elevated risks of CKD in T2DM patients with other retinal disorders (HR: 2.03) and vitreous body disorders (HR: 1.72). T2DM patients with retinal disorders, vitreous body disorders, globe abnormalities, cataracts, and glaucoma showed markedly higher risks of developing CKD, underscoring the need for integrated screening and management.
Good prevention of TB depends on changing how people see the risks and making sure they take action consistently. This study wanted to create and check a model for preventing TB by using important ideas from the HBM and SCT. A survey was done with 325 TB patients from 17 city health clinics in Surakarta, Indonesia. The study looked at how people see threats and benefits, what stops them, how confident they feel, the support they get from others, their intentions, and their actions to prevent TB. They used a specific analysis method called PLS-SEM with 5,000 samples to help with their findings. The results showed strong links between the factors Self-confidence was the biggest factor in deciding someone’s intention This was followed by how much they felt threatened and the benefits they saw On the other hand, perceived obstacles had a negative impact People’s intentions greatly influenced their chances of taking preventive actions, and having support from others also had a strong direct impact The model explained 64% of the differences in people’s intentions and actions. The combination of HBM and SCT showed that just having the intention to act is not enough. Being confident in oneself and having support from others are important for actually taking action. This gives useful information for TB programs on how to help people and communicate risks.
Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a common menstrual disorder that adversely affects adolescents daily activities and quality of life. However, evidence related to factors associated with its prevalence, severity, and self-management among Indonesian adolescents remains limited. Therefore, this study aimed to identify factors associated with the prevalence, severity, and self-management of PD among female adolescents. A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 464 female junior high school students in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire and analysed using chi-square tests, binary logistic regression, and ordinal logistic regression. The prevalence of PD was 73.3%, with most participants experiencing moderate severity (63.2%). After adjustment for potential confounders, age at menarche <12 years, a family history of dysmenorrhea, and frequent fast food consumption were independently associated with PD prevalence. Abnormal menstrual cycles were also independently associated with lower odds of PD compared with normal menstrual cycles (aOR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.34–0.99). Frequent dysmenorrhea, irregular eating patterns, and frequent fast food consumption were independently associated with greater PD severity. The frequency and severity of dysmenorrhea were independently associated with the number of self-management strategies used. Eucalyptus oil (28.7%) and turmeric–tamarind herbal drinks (28.4%) were the most commonly reported self-management methods. These results may inform the development of future health education and self-management programs targeting modifiable lifestyle factors.
