In this paper,the lithology-lithofacies characteristics,sedimentary characteristics,sand body morphology and plane distribution characteristics and sedimentary evolution of Jurassic in different epoch were researched in detail by the observation of a large number of borehole core,statistics on drilling and logging data and the analysis of the tectonic-sedimentary response of the basin.It was concluded that a set of coal-bearing coarse clastic sediments of braided river-braided river delta were developed in the sedimentary stage of Badaowan Formation of Jurassic in Kamusite.Sangonghe Formation was formed in the lake expansion epoch and developed fine-grained lacustrine deposits;Xishanyao Formation was a set of lacustrine coal-bearing clastic deposits;Toutunhe Formation was developed with a set of large lacustrine regressive lithologic-facies sequence,which was the sedimentary response to the lake-basin atrophy caused by regional tectonic uplift in Middle Jurassic.Three sedimentary formations favorable for sandstone-type uranium mineralization were developed in Jurassic strata from bottom to top,namely,the grey coal-bearing sedimentary formation at the bottom of the upper part of Badaowan Formation,the dark coal-rock formation of Xishanyao Formation and the primary grey sedimentary formation in the lower part of Toutunhe Formation.The sedimentary evolution of Jurassic determined the vertical lithologic-lithofacies combination characteristics and controlled the development horizon and sand body type for sandstone-type uranium mineralization.A series of sedimentary products of low stand system tract and high stand system tract were formed in the continuous lake regression-lake transgression in space,which is easy to form large skeleton sand bodies and resulting the formation of target horizons with good lithologic-lithofacies conditions and spatial configuration for uranium mineralization in Toutunhe Formation and Baodaowan Formation and Xishanyao Formation.
《铀矿地质》是由中国核工业集团有限公司主管、中国核学会主办、核工业北京地质研究院承办的全国性学术和技术兼顾的核地质类核心期刊,先后被《中文科技期刊数据库》、《中国科学引文数据库》、《中国学术期刊》(光盘版)等收录,并入编"中国知网""万方数据——知识服务平台",为中国地学领域高质量科技期刊分级目录T2类(2020)、CA化学文摘(美)(2014,2020),EBSCO学术数据库(美),JST日本科学技术振兴机构数据库(日)(2018),CSCD中国科学引文数据库(2021-2022年度)(扩展库)、北京大学《中文核心期刊要目总览》(1992版)收录期刊.
库车坳陷处于的塔里木盆地北部,其局部地区已有新的找矿发现,但整体而言仍未获得实质性找矿突破.文章依据区域地质和勘查钻孔资料,结合野外地质调查和样品采集测试,通过综合分析,探讨了库车坳陷在构造-地形地貌的盆山耦合过程中,上新统库车组区域成矿流场的迁移、汇聚过程,区域氧化带及砂岩型铀矿的构造改造特点和分类,并分析了不同构造改造型氧化带的铀成矿潜力.主要认识有:库车坳陷新生代以来的盆山耦合体制有利于"盆地"尺度初始氧化带及铀成矿流场的发育,上新统库车组中的含氧含铀成矿流体总体具自北向南渗流趋势.在库车坳陷内,东西向构造带限定了库车组成矿流场和大规模氧化带的发育空间和南部边界.随着同生长性质的秋里塔格构造带的逐步褶皱抬升,在拜城凹陷南部形成大型"拦水坝"(构造阻水带)和区域性排泄区,库车组区域成矿流场和氧化带被"阻拦"在秋里塔格构造带北翼,"新""老"两套铀成矿系统在此处叠加,从而形成库车组最具规模的工业铀成矿带.库车组的构造改造型氧化带可划分为3类:早期铀成矿系统被后续氧化成矿流体进一步叠加改造型,铀成矿规模最大并最具找矿潜力,代表区段为日达里克—赛里木一带;早期铀成矿系统后期被构造阻断型,具备一定的成矿潜力,代表区段为温宿、东阿瓦特及却勒一带;早期铀成矿系统被后期氧化再迁移型,成矿潜力有限,代表区段为吐孜塔格及克拉苏构造带.
为了解释巴音戈壁盆地塔木素铀矿床矿体多层性、高品位成因,提炼新的关键控矿要素,重建塔木素铀矿床成矿模式,进而指导矿床外围和深部乃至类似地区铀矿找矿.文章基于因格井凹陷构造演化史、沉积充填史和生排烃史特征,通过塔木素铀矿床构造、建造、蚀变、铀矿化、铀成矿时代分析,详细阐述了矿床矿石矿物、矿石元素地球化学、矿石包裹体特征,确认本铀矿床含矿目的层为下白垩统巴音戈壁组上段,受扇三角洲沉积体系、20%～70%含砂率、20%～60%灰砂率、深切箕状凹陷、断裂、白云石化-渗出还原-渗入氧化蚀变等要素控制;认为铀矿化与同沉积热水白云石化程度呈正比,全岩白云石含量达12%以上,以富含Ca、Fe、P2O5,低SiO2含量为特征,并富含Co、Ni、Pb、Zn等深源元素;铀矿床成矿年龄多样,可分为三期,第一期为全岩年龄113.3～109.7 Ma,与沉积成岩期相当;第二期为富矿石沥青铀矿年龄70.9 Ma、69.6 Ma,与油气大规模渗出时间相吻合;第三期为富矿石沥青铀矿年龄45.4 Ma、34.7 Ma和20.6 Ma,与区内挤压快速抬升蚀剥时间相符;建立了塔木素砂岩铀矿床渗出复成因型铀成矿模式,认为在沉积成岩阶段发育与白云石化有关的热液铀成矿作用,形成品位于小于0.05%铀矿化;在80～65 Ma,发育渗出还原叠加铀成矿作用;65 Ma以来,发育渗入氧化铀活化再富集铀成矿作用,形成品位大于0.2%的富矿化.
文章通过分析鄂尔多斯盆地南部镇原地区赋矿砂岩下白垩统环河组下段的沉积学、岩石学、地球化学等基本特征,分析了赋矿砂岩与铀矿形成的关系,旨在促进该地区找矿工作.通过地表调查、钻孔岩心观察、电子显微镜对赋矿砂岩进行观察和鉴定,环河组下段是该区主要的含矿层位,发育冲积扇-辫状河-辫状河三角洲相-湖泊相沉积体系,主要发育棕红色、浅黄色、灰色中细砂岩和灰绿色中砂岩,填隙物主要为碳酸盐和少量高岭石和绿泥石等黏土矿物,见有少量褐铁矿、黄铁矿等;灰色岩系具有较好的还原能力,有利于铀矿的还原成矿.环河组下段NWW—SEE向氧化—还原过渡带控制铀矿化分布,与NE—SW向断裂关系密切.晚白垩世以来,伴随盆地西缘及周缘岩石中的铀顺层向盆地中心发生层间渗入作用,深部油气藏的大规模排烃沿断裂上涌发生油气渗出作用,富氧含铀流体中的铀离子与油气中的还原剂发生强烈的氧化还原作用,导致铀沉淀成矿.
