Long bone fractures is a common surgical problem in small animal practice. This work was done on A dogs presented to Surgery Department, Faculty of vet. Medicine, Cairo University with different types of long bone fracture to assess the different direct internal fixation methods adopted for them. These method includes intramedullary bone pinning (single or multiple) and Dynamic Compression Plate. it was found that pinning was found to be the cheapest and the best method in stablizing fractures while plating, cerclage wire and / or lag screw were found to be effective in dealing with comminuted fractures.
Longismus dorsi muscle of five young male camels, less than 5 years old, were obtained immediately after slaughtering at main Cairo abattoir. Collected samples were examined after cooking by conventional and microwave ovens. The sensory variations were explained through, determining the topographical changes in both connective issues and myofibers by the use of Scanning Electron Microscope "SEM". The microwave Cooked samples have significant lower scores in Flavor , juiciness, overall acceptability. The SEM" Investigation explains the unacceptable toughness of the microwave-cooked camel's meat on the basis of partial fragmentation of myofibers and incomplete degradation of connective tissue when Compared with conventionally cooked meat.
Tetanus was combined with P. multocida vaccine and the two vaccines were inoculated in rabbits. The immune response to P. multocida vaccines was improved and higher levels of antibodies were obtained than when il was given alone and also better resistance to the challenge infection was produced.
A study was performed to assess the effect of xylazine HCI (0.1 mg/kg of body weight, IV) in heifers maintained at thermoneutral (TN; 18°C, 42% RH) or heat stress (HS;33°C, 63% RH) conditions. Xylazine injection resulted in a sharp increase (P<0.05) in serum cortisol levels after 15 minutes in both groups. However, cortisol levels gradually declined and reached basal levels after 45 minutes and 3 hours in heifers maintained under TN and HS conditions, respectively. Xylazine administration increased (P<0.05) serum T3 concentrations after 15 and 30 minutes in the thermoneutral and heat-stressed animals, respectively. Serum T3, however, gradually decreased and reached basal values after 3 hours in both groups. The xylazine-treated heifers had lower (P<0.05) red blood cells, haemoglobin and packed cell volume under TN conditions, while higher (P<0,05) values were observed under HS conditions. All the above parameters were greater (P< 0.05) in the thermoneutral animals than in the heat-stressed ones either before or after xylazine administration. It is possible that an undesirable interaction occurred between xylazine and the hot environment, thus it is suggested that xylazine should be used cautiously in hyperthermic animals.
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of addition of conjugated linoleic acid isomer-cis-9,trans-11- (CLA) to egg yolk-Tris glycerol diluent on the cytological parameters of post-thaw ram spermatozoa. Different concentrations of CLA (50, 100 and 150 μM) were added to the cryopreservation medium of ram semen. Five fat-tailed rams were used and their ejaculates were pooled and processed. Conjugated linoleic acid, which had oily presentation, were prepared by dissolving it in ethanol. Treated diluted semen was cooled, equilibrated and subjected to cryopreservation. The motility characteristics of the post-thaw spermatozoa were analyzed objectively; plasma membrane integrity by hypo osmotic swelling test (HOST), alive and abnormal sperm percentage by eosin negrosin stain and hanocock's method and acrosomal integrity by spermac stain. Results showed that CLA (100 and 150 μM) increased significantly (P< 0.05) the live sperm percentage, HOST and intact acrosome percentage of frozen thawed ram semen compared to control. Regarding the effect of CLA on the total sperm abnormalities, the 150 pM CLA was the only concentration that decreased significantly (P <0.05) the percentage of abnormal sperm cell compared to control (15.0 vs 19.4%). However, concentrations (50, 100 and 150 1M) tested decreased significantly (P <0.05) the percentage of abnormal sperm (21.6%, 17% and 15%, respectively compared to control with ethanol 29.2%). The effect of different concentrations (50, 100 and 150 μM) of CLA on the progressive motility percentage was non significant. It could be concluded that, CLA improved the freezability of ram spermatozoa in terms of membrane and acrosome integrity and decreased sperm cell abnormalities.
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of linoleic acid (LA) supplementation in the freezing diluent on the quality of frozen-thawed ram semen. Semen was collected from five mature fat tailed rams once weekly using the conventional A.V. of rams. Semen samples were processed as a pool, divided into 5 aliquots, each aliquot was diluted with egg yolk-Tris-glycerol diluent and three concentrations (50, 100 and 150 μM) of LA were used. Diluted semen was then cooled, equilibrated and subjected to cryopreservation. Evaluation of post-thaw semen quality included progressive sperm motility, alive and abnormal sperm percentages, functional membrane integrity (HOST) and acrosome integrity. Results showed that the percentages of alive sperm (51.4 vs 40.2%; P< 0.05) and HOST (53.2 vs 39.6%; P< 0.05) were significantly increased only at concentration of 50 μM of LA compared to control, respectively. Also, LA (50 μM) decreased significantly (P<0.05) the percentage of abnormal sperm compared to control with ethanol (20.6 vs 29%). Regarding the intact acrosome percentage, only the 150 μM LA decreased significantly (P<0.05) the intact acrosome (75 vs 80.4%) compared to control. The effects of the other concentrations on the other post-thaw semen quality parameters were non significant. It could be concluded that, addition of LA (50 μM) to Tris based diluent improved the post-thaw quality of ram semen in terms of sperm membrane integrity and sperm morphology.
This study was performed on 4 groups of suckling calves (each group consists of 7 calves). Calves in group 1 were apparently healthy and used as a control group. Calves in groups 2,3,4 were suffering from mild diarrhea and degree of dehydration was 6-8%. All diarrheic calves treated with Norodine (Sulfa diazine 200 mg and Tri methoprim 40 mg) (Norbrook company) + Cevarol (vit.c:1000mg) +Kapect (pectin 0.43%&Light kaolin 19.3%) +Life Aid Xtra (Oral rehydration solution) (Norbrook company). In addition to these drugs, Group 2 treated with Royal Jelly capsule (1000 mg) orally per calf as one shot as a source of energy (human drug) (Safe company, Egypt). Group 3 treated with (G NUTRA 2 S DAT) :10%Garlic extract + 90% Saccharomyces Cerevisae) (15 gm orally per calf) as one shot as immune stimulant and natural antibiotic (Ameco bios company.S. A). Group 4 treated with Zinc Oxide (500 mg powder) orally per calf as one shot as immune stimulant (AL ALamia company, Egypt). Three blood Samples were collected from each diarrheic calf at day zero before treatment, the 2™4 day and the 6" day after treatment and One blood Sample was taken from each control calf. These samples used for determination of red blood cells, haemoglobin, white blood cells, sodium, potassium, chloride, creatinine and total protein. the three drugs which used in our study as supportive treatment have very good role in treating diarrheic cales, Royal Jelly capsule was the best in correcting Haemoglobin and Cloride. G NUTRA 2 S DAT was the best in correcting the content of WBCs and Creatinine and show significant improvement in the content of K*. Zinc Oxide was the best in correcting the content of RBCs, Na', K* and total proteins and show significant improvement in the content of Haemoglobin.
Samples of tibiotarsal tendons, tendon sheaths and fluids around ruptured tendons were collected from broiler breeder flock of 28 weeks old in Giza governorate, showed symptoms of arthritis, lameness and swelling in the hock joint. Trial for isolation of avian reovirus (ARV) was done by inoculation in embryonated chicken egg (ECE). After propagation and titration of the isolated virus, it had beed antigenically characterized by agar gel precipitation test (AGPT) and fluorescent antibody technique (FAT). Pock lesions on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) was negatively stained and examined by electron microscope, also histopathological examination was carried out. Molecular characterization was performed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT.PCR). The results confirm the isolation of avian reovirus from the suspected flocks
A serological investigation was undertaken on flooks with depressed egg production. This syndrome is characterized either by a failure to attain predicted production targets or by a fall in egg, numbers. The depression in production could reach over 30%. It might or might not return to normal. For a short period the eggs produced in some flocks were smaller, lose, colour, have poor egg shell strength and many soft shelled eggs are laid. Also, some flocks were suffering form mild respiratory symptoms and increase in mortality with decrease in feed intake. The results revealed that no obvious correlation was found between antibody to adenovirus, (BDS76 and CELO), (BDS76 and CELO), infectious bronchitis virus (I.B.V), infectious laryngotracheitis virus (I. L. T. V.), avain encephalomyelitis virus (A. E. V.), Newcastle disease virus (N. D. V.), reovirus or infectious bursal disease virus (I. B. D. V.) and this syndrome. The ELISA results of turkey rhinotracheitis (TRT), showed only and positive cases out of 38 samples from four flocks, while three gave high positive results. When the same serum samples were examined by Ornithobacterium thinotracheale (ORT) ELISA 23 of 38 serum samples were positive to ORT and 11 serum samples + and only 3 serum samples were negative. These results indicate that ORT might be the cause of this. syndrome. This is the first serological evidence of its presence in Egypt. There was a high correlation between results of immunocomb IgG and HI for ND virus antibody titers for all serum samples tested. Immunocomb IgG proved very sensitive in detecting antibodies against IB, IBD, when it was compared with AGPT.
Arthritis is one of the most important diseases causing lameness in dogs as well as other species of animals. Osteoarthritis (OA)cause considerable deterioration of the cartilage and marked enzymatic changes in the synovial fluid, and the joint tissue. The present study was conducted on 25 clinically healthy Mongrel male dogs, with body weight of 15.0 ±1.7kg. Arthritis was induced in 20 dogs and 5 dogs were left as a negative control (normal) group. Osteoarthritis was induced by performing arthrotomy and curettage of the cartilage by creation of two 8.0 mm diameter full thickness chondral defect till exposing the subchondral bone. The dogs were left for 10 days till complete healing of the surgical wound. Amphotericin-B was injected intra-articularly at a dose of 10 mg twice weekly for 2 successive weeks. The dogs were left one week till complete typical symptoms of arthritis were observed. The experimental groups were classified into five groups as control negative (normal), dexamethasone treated, sodium hyaluronate treated, poly sulfated glycosaminoglycan treated and control positive (sham operated). Sensory characteristics of the treated groups were evaluated. Besides, synovial analysis was performed for each animal at the end of the 1
Acta Psychiatrica ScandinavicaVolume 70, Issue s313 p. 27-34 Basic neurophysiological mechanisms in epilepsy Ingmar Rosén, Ingmar Rosén Department of Clinical Neurophysiology University of Lund S-221 85 Lund, SwedenSearch for more papers by this author Ingmar Rosén, Ingmar Rosén Department of Clinical Neurophysiology University of Lund S-221 85 Lund, SwedenSearch for more papers by this author First published: August 1984 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb07151.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References 1 Ward Jr AA. The epileptic neuron: chronic foci in animals and man. In: HH Jasper, A. Ward, A. Pope, eds. Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsis. Boston : Little Brown Co, 1969: 263–88. Google Scholar 2 Matsumoto H., Ajmone Marsan C.. Cortical cellular phenomena in experimental epilepsy: ictal manifestations. Exp Neurol 1964: 9: 305–26. 10.1016/0014-4886(64)90026-3 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 3 Schwartzkroin PA, Wyler AR. Mechanisms underlying epileptiform burst discharge. Ann Neurol 1980: 7: 95–107. 10.1002/ana.410070202 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 4 Crill WE. Neuronal mechanisms of seizure initiation. In: GH Glaser, JK Penry, DM Woodbury, eds. Antiepileptic Drugs: Mechanisms of Action. New York : Raven Press 1980: 169–83. Google Scholar 5 Llinás R., Jahnsen H.. Electrophysiology of mammalian thalamic neurones in vitro. Nature 1982: 297: 5865: 40–8. 10.1038/297406a0 CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar 6 Andersen P., Gjerstad L.. Possible mechanisms underlying epileptiform discharges. In: O. Pompejano, C. Ajmone Marsan, eds. Brain Mechanisms of Perceptual Awareness. New York : Raven Press, 1981: 449–58. Google Scholar 7 Gjerstad L., Andersen P., Langmoen IA, Lundervold A., Hablitz J.. Synaptic triggering of epileptiform discharges in CA2 pyramidal cells in vitro. Acta Physiol Scand 1981: 113: 245–52. 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1981.tb06890.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 8 Wada J., Sato M.. Generalized convulsive seizures induced by daily electrical stimulation of the amygdala in cats. Neurology 1974: 24: 565–74. 10.1212/WNL.24.6.565 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 9 Lømo T.. Some properties of a cortical excitatory synapse. In: P. Andersen, J. Jansen, eds. Excitatory Synaptic Mechanisms. Oslo : Universitetsforlaget 1970: 207–11. Google Scholar 10 LaSalle G., Naquet R.. Neurotransmitters and epilepsy: update concerning two experimental models of epilepsy. In: MB Sterman, MN Shouse, P. Passouant, eds. Sleep and Epilepsy. New York : Academic Press 1982: 105–20. Google Scholar 11 McNamara JO. Selective alterations of regional beta-adrenergic receptor binding in the kindling model of epilepsy. Exp Neurol 1978: 61: 582–91. 10.1016/0014-4886(78)90025-0 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 12 Rondouin G.. Kindling and sleep: an overview. In: MB Sterman, MN Shouse, P. Passouant, eds. Sleep and Epilepsy. New York : Academic Press, 1982: 141–9. Google Scholar 13 Shouse MN, Sterman MB. Sleep pathology in experimental epilepsy: Amygdala kindling. In: MB Sterman, MN Shouse, P. Passouant, eds. Sleep and Epilepsy. New York : Academic Press 1982: 151–64. Google Scholar 14 Gowers WR. Epilepsy and other chronic convulsive diseases. Reprinted in American Academy of Neurology, Reprint Series. Dover, New York, 1964. Google Scholar 15 Langdon-Down M., Brain WR. Time of day in relation to convulsions in epilepsy. Lancet II 1929: 1029–32. 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)79288-9 Google Scholar 16 Janz D.. The grand mal epilepsies and the sleeping-waking cycle. Epilepsia 1962: 3: 69–109. 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1962.tb05235.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 17 Passouant P., Besset A., Carriere A., Billiard M.. Night sleep and generalized epilepsies. In: Sleep 1974. 2nd Europ Congr Sleep Res Rome 1974: 185–96. Google Scholar 18 Traub R., Llinás R.. Hippocampal pyramidal cells: significance of dendritic ionic conductances for neuronal function and epileptogenesis. J Neurophysiol 1979; 42: 476–96. PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 19 Rosén I., Blennow G., Riberg A-M, Ingvar DH. Quantitative evaluation of nocturnal sleep in epileptic children. In: MB Sterman, MN Shouse, P. Passouant, eds. Sleep and Epilepsy. New York : Academic Press, 1982: 397–409. Google Scholar Volume70, Issues313August 1984Pages 27-34 ReferencesRelatedInformation
