Objective:To determine the overdose (OD) of medetomidine (MT) in Wistar rats and to evaluate the potentiating effect of fentanyl (FT) when co-administered. The objective was to identify the dose inducing complete abolition of five standard reflexes and significant changes of: heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), tissular oxygen saturation (SpO2), rectal temperature (RT). Methods:Eight groups of Wistar rats (2 males and 2 females each) were used; the group showing the strongest effect was supplemented with 2 additional males and females. In phase one, four groups received intramuscular MT at 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, or 0.1 mg/kg. In phase two, the effective MT dose (0.1 mg/kg) was combined with FT at 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, or 0.1 mg/kg to assess synergistic effects. Reflexes, antinociception (via cold ethanol tail-flick test), and vital signs were recorded at baseline, during OD induction, and up to 60 minutes post-administration. The animals were not euthanised and allowed to recover. Results:The 0.1 mg/kg MT dose produced the shortest time to OD, while for the combination of 0.1 mg/kg MT with 0.1 mg/kg FT, OD time was 48% faster. Fentanyl significantly attenuated the bradycardia induced by MT (p < 0.0001), while RR depression was less pronounced at OD, but became evident at Pt60. The males from MT combined with FT group showed a shorter induction time of OD compared to males from MT alone group. In females, the effect was statistically robust (p = 0.0064), showing a significantly shorter induction time. Conclusion:The MT (0.1 mg/kg) and FT (0.1 mg/kg) combination produced the most consistent and pronounced OD, characterized by rapid reflex loss, marked physiological suppression, and delayed recovery. This interaction carries significant translational relevance for both veterinary anesthesia and human medicine in the context of the opioid crisis.
The 2022 global monkeypox outbreak fuelled a surge in related research. In this study, a bibliometric analysis of 2,076 monkeypox-related articles indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection (from January 2014 to June 2025) was performed, and VOSviewer was used to visualize keyword co-occurrence networks and collaboration patterns among countries and institutions. Unlike existing studies, the latest data for 2024-2025 are incorporated; postoutbreak research trends, collaborative patterns, and PHEIC-driven resource aggregation effects are systematically incorporated; and gaps in dynamic and multifaceted analyses of the field are addressed. The results revealed a three-stage global research output: low accumulation (2014-2021), a sharp surge after 2022, and sustained high levels after a peak in 2023. The core research clusters focused on viral transmission dynamics and clinical interventions. Country contributions showed a pyramidal hierarchy, with the US leading, followed by China, India, and Saudi Arabia; government health agencies and academic institutions codominated collaborations. The findings confirm the role of the PHEIC in concentrating scientific resources, emphasizing the importance of strengthening international collaboration to address future epidemic challenges.
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in dogs and cats worldwide, and effective early detection techniques and reliable therapies are still lacking. Given the high demand for early cancer detection and differentiation in veterinary diagnostics, we developed and validated a new diagnostic approach to assess onconeural antibodies, also known as high-risk antibodies, in dog and cat blood serum samples. We determined the presence of systemic onconeural/high-risk (ONHR) antibodies, their suitability for early cancer diagnostics, and the feasibility of differentiating various malignancies. Our results identified several ONHR antibodies in 0.1 mL of specimens by the immunoblot-based technique, which was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence assay. The diagnostic performance for detecting identified antibodies has demonstrated >95% sensitivity in dogs, >93% sensitivity in cats, as well as >97% specificity in dogs, and >95% specificity in cats. Thus, our data provide the first proof-of-principle that onconeural antibodies can be detected in dogs and cats, and their identification in serum might serve as a new tool for early cancer diagnosis.
Background and Purpose:The medical sector is facing therapeutic dead ends due to antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which leads to human death and economic losses for poultry farmers. This study aimed to investigate the diversity of resistance genes in Enterobacteriaceae on poultry farms. Methods:Illumina sequencing was used for the cultivation of 184 poultry fecal samples, identification using the API 10S Biomerieux gallery, antibiotic susceptibility testing by disk diffusion, and DNA extraction using the Biocentric Bruker automated system. Results:Among the 164 isolates, Escherichia coli was the most isolated species (84.78%, n = 156), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (3.26%, n = 06), and Salmonella spp. (0.01%, n = 02). Among 156 Escherichia coli strains, 10% (n = 18) were extended-spectrum bêta-lactamase (ESBL) producers. Among the 13 sequenced ESBL-producing E. coli strains, 53 resistance genes were identified with moderate variability and some were strain-specific. Co-localization of plasmids with virulence genes was also observed. Several blaTEM variants that encode beta-lactam resistance have been frequently detected. The ompK37 and ompK36 mutants coding for carbapenemase production were identified in one strain. One strain carried mcr-1.1 gene. Conclusion:Antibiotics used in poultry farming contribute to the selection of resistant and highly virulent clones. Strengthening regulations on antibiotic use in poultry farming is necessary.
Background:Newcastle Disease (ND) is a highly contagious and fatal poultry disease caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and has a global distribution. To control this disease, a rapid method for diagnosing it is needed. PCR-based molecular diagnostics such as real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RRT-PCR) for detecting NDV genes have been conducted worldwide. However, because PCR methods are time-consuming and require a well-equipped laboratory, they are not well-suited for use in field and resource limited areas. Methods:In this study, we established a field-friendly loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for NDV diagnosis using primers targeting the highly conserved L gene, which bypasses the need for RNA extraction and makes it more suitable for field application than previously reported LAMP methods. Results:Our LAMP method is capable of detecting a broad range of NDV genotypes and showed no cross-reactivity with other avian viral diseases or the host genome. The reaction is completed within 35 minutes of incubation at 65°C. NDV was successfully detected directly from swab and tissue samples without the need for conventional RNA extraction. Conclusion:The LAMP method developed in this study offers a rapid, affordable, and field-friendly diagnostic tool for NDV detection.
