Livestock products innovation, especially of those superior breed have become one of the solution in the development of livestock production, where in reality is very limited on the availability of good quality breed. Indonesian Agency of Agricultural Research and Development through Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development Implementing Units have been responsed these needs through breeding research started in the year of 2000. This effort have been yielded some superior local breeds, i.e. beef cattle, sheep, goats, chicken, duck and rabbit that are ready to disseminate to the community, especially for farmers. The dissemination of these superior breeds may enabling to expand and reach its distribution massively to increase animal production. One of the determinant factor to develop the process of its development is availability of financial access, which most farmers in general are very much constrained by capital asset. Therefore, facilitation support is needed to increase capital capacity that is impartial and accommodates the business characteristics. Objective of the manuscript is to review of facilitation support needed of the superior breed innovative research that disseminate to maintain sustainability of its development. In recent years, the Government has launched program of People’s Busines Credit (KUR) that could be optimized to scalling up farmers’ farming with good quality breed. Bank accessibility has demanded to have economics size of scale to be financed in order to guarantee profitable business with its liability cash flow. Meanwhile, livestock farming had been dominated by small scale farmers and yet for production oriented to reach its profitability. Supervision and technical guidance need to be consistently assisted to farmers as prospectous KUR debitor program in order to accelerate the process on disbursement of credit to supply their capital asset.
The use of bioactive compounds from plants is becoming a major interest to be used as feed additives to reduce the effect of greenhouse gases on climate changes and as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoter. One of the compounds that have not been widely known and used is anacardic acid. In Indonesia, anacardic acid and its derivates are commonly found in the waste from the cashew nut industry, namely cashew nut shells. The purpose of this paper is to describe the chemical and biological characteristics of anacardic acid and its effects on rumen fermentation and ruminant production. Anacardic acid or cashew nut shell extract that contains anacardic acid have the ability to suppress methane produced in the rumen. In addition, this compound increases propionic acid in the rumen which is useful for ruminant. Up till now, the applications of anacardic acid for ruminants that described in published papers were mostly done in vitro, while its direct application to livestock has not been widely reported and most of its use is combined with other compounds. The utilization of anacardic acid in Indonesia as a feed additive for ruminants will contribute to reducing greenhouse gases and increasing the productivity of ruminants.
Toxoplasmosis is one of the parasitic diseases caused by Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). Toxoplasma gondii is usually found in cats’ faeces, raw vegetables, meats, grasses, and soil. The transmission of T. gondii happens vertically or horizontally. The standard diagnostic techniques of T. gondii detection are microscopic examination of cats faeces, PCR, and antibody detection. The drug of choice in cats toxoplasmosis is clindamycin antibiotic (doses: 10-12/kgBW), another treatment is the combination of sulfadiazine 120 mg/kgBW dan pirimetamin 1 mg/kgBW also can be given to reduce the oocyst shed. The prevention of T. gondii infection in cats is not giving raw meats and keeping the environment disinfected. The prevalence of cats toxoplasmosis in cats in Indonesia is influenced by multiple diagnostic techniques, sample total, geographical condition, and climate. The risk factor of toxoplasmosis infection in cats are stray cats, raw foods, and a hygienic environment. The purpose of this article is knowing the life cycle of T. gondii, clinical sign, pathogeneses, diagnostic method, risk factors, control, and the prevalence of cats toxoplasmosis in Indonesia in the last 50 years.
Because of a source of feed, saline-tolerant forage plants are one of the factors promoting the development of ruminant livestock on saline soils. Developing tolerant forage on saline soils necessitates several requirements cause saline soil stress reduces forage crop productivity. The strategy for developing forage on saline soils is to create forage that is characterized by morphology, physiology, biochemistry, and molecular biology. These characteristics must be identified in order for the forage developed to truly adapt to saline land and become local varieties or new high yielding varieties as a result of saline tolerant breeding. Forage production, performance (architecture), and nutrition are expected benefits of tolerant saline soils forage. Cultivation technology must support the genetic advantage of forage varieties on saline soils in order for their genetic potential to emerge. Planting superior forage varieties on saline land is expected to meet the ongoing need for feed while also developing livestock on sub-optimal land.
Heavy metal toxicity in livestock animals will affect and damage the body organs. The animals that are exposed to heavy metal residues will suffer pain and experience pathological changes in body organs that support the metabolic function of the body's work. Some organs lead to the specific diagnosis of specific contaminating heavy metals. Examination of pathological changes in the body of animals will help a lot in diagnosing, handling animals that are exposed to certain heavy metal toxicity. The respiratory tract, digestive tract and reproductive tract in animals can direct the detection of the effects of toxicity of certain heavy metal. Organs that experience pathological changes can also to help diagnose contamination due to certain heavy metals. The purpose of this writing is to help adding the knowledge of pathological changes regarding heavy metal toxicity Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Cooper (Cu), Mercury (Hg), Mangan (Mn) and Lead (Pb), in the organs of animals.
