In this study, the Fe3O4@UIO-66-NH2 composite adsorbent material was prepared by regulating the raw material ratio for the removal of refractory and highly hazardous anionic dyes (Congo Red and Methyl Orange) from water systems. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Tellerwere (BET) employed to characterize the microstructure, crystal phase, functional groups and pore structure of the composite material. The optimal mass ratio of triiron tetraoxide, zirconium chloride, and 2-aminoterephthalic acid was determined to be 1: 2: 2, with corresponding dosages of 0.2 g, 0.35 g, and 0.272 g, respectively. The experimental results indicated that the optimized composite material exhibited excellent adsorption performance for Congo Red and Methyl Orange, with maximum removal rates of 98.22% and 97.68%, respectively, and saturated adsorption capacities of 24.55 mg/g and 24.42 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption processes conformed the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models, dominated by chemical interactions. The adsorption mechanism relied on electrostatic attraction, Pi-Pi conjugation interaction and hydrogen bonding. After five regeneration cycles, the material still maintained excellent adsorption capacity and exhibited good recyclability, effectively solving the problems of poor cycling stability and easy deactivation of traditional adsorption materials. It could provide reliable experimental evidence for the efficient treatment and resource utilization of dye wastewater.
PM2.5 and ozone (O-3) co-pollution is a major environmental concern, with documented respiratory and cardiovascular impacts. Large multi-country assessments have attributed substantial premature mortality to long-term PM2.(5) exposure and non-negligible mortality to O-3. To clarify the intellectual structure and global development trends in this field, this study conducted a scientometric analysis of publications retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection and CNKI databases covering the period 2013-2024, using CiteSpace software. As a PRISMA-ScR-guided scoping scientometric review, this work maps the field rather than synthesizing effect sizes; limitations are summarized in the Discussion. The analysis yielded the following key findings: (1) the annual number of publications has increased rapidly since 2020, reflecting intensified academic attention to air co-pollution; (2) keyword co-occurrence analysis identified major thematic clusters, while burst detection highlighted air pollution exposure, cardiovascular disease, source apportionment, meteorological conditions, and coordinated control;; (3) international research has emphasized health effects and atmospheric mechanisms, whereas Chinese research has largely focused on pollution characteristics and control strategies; and (4) co-authorship network analysis revealed distinct collaboration structures across the CNKI and WoSCC corpora, with broader cross-cluster connectivity in the WoSCC author network and more localized clustering in the CNKI author network. These findings provide a scoping knowledge map of PM2.(5)-O-3 co-pollution research (2013-2024), conducted under PRISMA-ScR principles, and highlight future priorities including improving multi-scale models, strengthening health risk assessments, and advancing integrated regional governance strategies.
Photocatalytic treatment of dye-contaminated wastewater remains a critical challenge in environmental remediation due to the limited visible-light activity of conventional TiO2. Herein, a visible-light-responsive TiO2-based nanocomposite incorporating CaTiO3 and CoTiO3 phases was synthesized via a sol-gel route to enhance photocatalytic efficiency toward organic dye pollutants. Structural analysis confirmed successful phase formation and heterojunction construction, which significantly modified the electronic structure of TiO2. The engineered composite exhibited reduced band-gap energy and suppressed charge carrier recombination, as evidenced by photoluminescence quenching. Photocatalytic performance was evaluated using methylene blue as a model contaminant under visible-light irradiation, achieving 83% degradation within 180 min, markedly higher than pristine TiO2 (19%). Operational parameters relevant to wastewater treatment, including oxidant dosage (H2O2), catalyst loading, and solution pH, were systematically optimized. Radical trapping experiments identified hydroxyl radicals as the dominant reactive species driving degradation. The enhanced performance is attributed to synergistic heterojunction effects between TiO2, CaTiO3, and CoTiO3, facilitating efficient charge separation and reactive oxygen species generation. This study provides a scalable strategy for designing visible-light-active photocatalysts with potential applications in sustainable wastewater treatment.
Airborne microplastics (MPs) have emerged as a growing concern in indoor air quality, whereas quantitative evidence on inhalation exposure remains limited. This study investigated the abundance, physicochemical characteristics, and inhalation exposure of airborne microplastics across functionally representative campus locations with an outdoor site as reference. Microplastics were universally present, with indoor concentrations (679 ± 229 MPs·m−3) substantially exceeding outdoor levels (149 ± 27 MPs·m−3). Fragments and fibers dominated across all environments, with more than 69
Cadmium (Cd) contamination poses a significant threat due to its toxicity and propensity to accumulate in aquatic ecosystems. Even at low concentrations, bioaccumulation of cadmium adversely affects the behaviour, physiology, and growth of freshwater organisms, which incites the mitigation of cadmium pollution to sustain the health and function of aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we applied shell dust (SD) derived from the waste shells of Filopaludina bengalensis and Pila globosa as an amendment to treat Cd-contaminated water (0.05 to 0.5 mg/L Cd concentration) and considered the freshwater pulmonate snail, Physella acuta, as a model organism. We aimed to explore whether the SD amendment reduce cadmium availability in the water and influenced survivability, life history, and cadmium bioaccumulation in P. acuta. The results indicated that cadmium concentrations decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in SD-amended water (< 0.05 mg/L in all instances) compared to the untreated water. The shell dust adsorbed cadmium ions and deposited them in sediments, significantly increasing the cadmium amount in the sediment, which in turn reduced the availability of cadmium ions in the water. In untreated water, all P. acuta died within one day at cadmium concentrations of 0.2 mg/L or higher. In the remaining groups, significantly longer shell lengths of P. acuta and lower cadmium bioaccumulation were observed in the SD-amended water compared to the untreated water. Hence, the waste shells of edible snails may provide an alternative way to treat Cd-contaminated aquatic ecosystems to sustain the ecosystem structure and functions.
