Brucellosis remains an actual issue in Azerbaijan, where an average of 550 new cases are registered each year. So, timely and accurate laboratory diagnosis is very important. The aim: comparatively evaluation of the diagnostic value of serological and molecular methods for the early detection and identification of latent forms of infection. During 2019-2021, a total of 3,208 blood samples were analyzed using the Heddelson, Wright (WR), Rose-Bengal tests, ELISA (IgG, IgM), and PCR (n=89, samples with negative WR). Statistical significance was calculated using the χ² test; differences were considered statistically significant at p<0.05. Classical serological methods demonstrated high diagnostic value in newly diagnosed cases. Only in 17.3% of them detected by ELISA. PCR enabled the additional identification of Brucella spp. DNA in 14.6% of seronegative samples. The necessity of combined use of serological and molecular methods in brucellosis diagnostics has been substantiated.
Brugada syndrome is a hereditary channelopathy associated with a high risk of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias in individuals without structural heart disease. Its prevalence is 1-5 per 10,000 persons, and most patients are asymptomatic; diagnosis of concealed forms is often possible through provocative testing with sodium channel blockers. We report a case of a 53-year-old male patient K., in whom type 2 Brugada-like ECG changes were incidentally detected during an emergency medical services call for nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. A Brugadalike pattern in leads V1-V2 persisted on repeated ECG recordings. After exclusion of coronary artery disease, a procainamide challenge test was performed and yielded a positive result with induction of a type 1 pattern. The patient was referred to a specialized center, where endocardial electrophysiological study (EPS) confirmed a procainamide-induced type 1 Brugada pattern. This case demonstrates the value of a complete twostage diagnostic algorithm for individualized arrhythmic risk stratification.
LADD syndrome (ICD 10 Q87.8) is an extremely rare hereditary disease with an autosomal dominant type of inheritance, associated with mutations in the FGFR2, FGFR3, and FGF10 genes. It is characterized by systemic lesions: obstruction of the nasolacrimal canal, alacrimia, hypoplasia of the lacrimal and salivary glands, dental defects and occlusion, xerostomia, xerophthalmia, anomalies of the auricles, hearing loss, defects of the upper extremities. In rare cases, the absence of a parotid salivary gland, eye abnormalities, kidney agenesis, and polycystic ovaries are noted. In Yakutia, the syndrome was first identified in the same family (in the father and children of siblings). The patients underwent a comprehensive examination and orthodontic treatment with normalization of occlusion and restoration of the anatomical shape of the teeth. The prognosis depends on the severity of the defects, and most patients lead a full-fledged lifestyle. It is important for doctors to take into account the characteristic signs of the syndrome and send patients for examination in a timely manner. Diagnosis of pathology requires a multidisciplinary approach, and early detection improves the quality of life of patients.
The review highlights the contribution of light hygiene to the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the decline in the reproductive potential of the population. It substantiates the link between circadian desynchronosis (due to light pollution, social jet lag, and photoperiodic factors) and disruption of the hypothalamic‑pituitary‑gonadal axis. The molecular mechanisms of PCOS pathogenesis are examined, mediated by disruption of the melatonin circadian rhythm and genetic cofactors that together underlie the dysfunction of biological clocks and mitochondria. The potential of circadian medicine, controlled light hygiene, and chronotherapy as promising methods for correcting reproductive disorders is assessed.
In the article, autoregulation of cerebral blood flow was evaluated in 222 middle-aged and elderly patients using a lower limb compression test. It was found that in elderly subjects without cerebrovascular pathology, compared with middle-aged patients, there is a marked deterioration in the autoregulatory mechanisms of cerebral blood flow with a decrease in blood pressure after the cessation of compression of the femoral arteries. At the same time, arterial blood flow to the brain through the middle cerebral artery was limited, and the outflow of blood through the internal jugular vein was delayed, which led to inadequate redistribution of blood in the brain with a decrease in systemic blood pressure. The study of cerebral blood flow autoregulation is effective in identifying among elderly patients a contingent of people with a high risk of subsequent cerebral circulatory disorders.
