For the first time complex researches of a microelement mode of soils of rice fields of Kuban are conducted. Laws of receipt of microcells and their influence on growth and development of plants are studied. Positive influence of microfertilizers on dynamics of the maintenance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in various bodies of cultures of a rice crop rotation is shown. Carrying out of elements of a food by a crop and operating ratios by their plants from fertilizers is calculated. The original data on action of microfertilizers on the area assimilating a surface and photosynthetic activity of plants is obtained. For cultures of a rice crop rotation optimum doses are established and the comparative agroecological and economic estimation of ways of entering of microfertilizers is given. Influence of microfertilizers on quantity and quality of a crop is shown.