Based on a complex mathematical model of the Fischer–Tropsch process the high-perfimance cobalt catalyst for synthetic oil production is developed and tested. The catalyst is granular thermally conductive composite material with a well-developed system of transport pores, which provides an effective mass and heat transfer in the granules. The influence of nature of the heat-conducting aluminum- containing additives on the physical properties of the support and catalytic properties of Fischer–Tropsch catalyst is shows. Found that increasing of catalysts granules thermal conductivity is one of the factors that increase the performance of the catalyst. In the presence of developed catalyst the performance for hydrocarbons С5+ achieved 600 g/(kg·h) or 480 g/(l·h) at 0,8 g/cm3 packing density. A pilot plant to obtain up to 20 liters of synthetic oil per day from natural gas using the catalyst is established and put into operation. Catalyst testing in this plant has confirmed receipt in the laboratory performance of granular bed.