РОЛЬ ГИДРОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ ФЕРМЕНТОВ В УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ ЗЛАКОВЫХ КУЛЬТУР К ПРОРАСТАНИЮ ЗЕРНА В КОЛОСЕ

Pre-harvesting germination of grain causes a considerable loss and it is one of the reasons for the decline of sowing and technological properties of grain. In this regard, the aim of this work was to elucidate the role of hydrolytic enzymes in the grain crop sustainability to germination in the ear. The object of the study were di- and tetraploid forms of rye and hexaploid forms of triticale and secalotriticum. The research allowed to select a stable and productive form of cereals to evaluate the resistance to grain germination for assessment of resistance to germination of grain at the root. It is shown that the germination of the grain at the root is affected by the ploidy of rye and the type of cytoplasm from heteroplasmic triticale. It is shown different levels of activity of proteolytic and amylolytic enzymes in the studied genotypes of cereals. Winter triticale had a marked higher level of activity of neutral, alkaline protease and α-amylase. Variation in the level of BAPase activity is 7.15– 24.4 EA/g. a. d. m. and α-amylase activity – 92 –118.7 mg/ml∙h. It is shown the close correlation between the activity of alkaline BAPase, α-amylase and resistance to the cereal grain germination in the ear. Heterogeneity of an electrophoretical range of proteins at the studied genotypes of rye and triticale is shown. The obtained data make a contribution to clarification of the reasons underlying the resistance of cereal cultures to germination of grain at the root and open possibilities of identification of their markers for use in selection.