A Beam-Forming Method for 1-Bit Time-Modulate Reflectarray at Carrier Frequency

While time-modulated reflectarrays (TMRAs) exhibit flexible beam control capabilities, they often operate at harmonic frequencies, which weakens their practicality. A method is proposed that enables the 1-bit TMRA to achieve beamforming at the carrier frequency. Specifically, four basic control time sequences (BCTSs) are introduced to simultaneously and independently generate an equivalent reflection amplitude-phase distribution, overcoming the limitation of amplitude-only control at the carrier frequency for the 1-bit TMRA. Experimental validation is also conducted, and the results successfully confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.