A Fully Bit-Flexible Computation in Memory Macro Using Multi-Functional Computing Bit Cell and Embedded Input Sparsity Sensing

Computation in memory (CIM) overcomes the von Neumann bottleneck by minimizing the communication overhead between memory and process elements. However, using conventional CIM architectures to realize multiply-accumulate operations (MACs) with flexible input and weight bit precision is extremely challenging. This article presents a fully bit-flexible CIM design with a compact area and high energy efficiency. The proposed CIM macro employs a novel multi-functional computing bit cell design by integrating the MAC and the A/D conversion to maximize efficiency and flexibility. Moreover, an embedded input sparsity sensing and a self-adaptive dynamic range (DR) scaling scheme are proposed to minimize the energy-consuming A/D conversions in CIM. Finally, the proposed CIM macro implementation utilizes an interleaved placement structure to enhance the weight-updating bandwidth and the layout symmetry. The proposed CIM design fabricated in standard 28-nm CMOS technology achieves an area efficiency of 27.7 TOPS/mm2 and an energy efficiency of 291 TOPS/W, demonstrating a highly energy-area-efficient flexible CIM solution.