A Multi-model Approach for Personality Detection from Handwriting: Deep Features, Machine Learning, and Ensemble Techniques.

This study examines the integration of graphology and machine learning, including deep learning, to analyze personality traits from handwriting. The research builds on the premise that neuromuscular movements in handwriting reflect personality characteristics. A dataset of 1,108 handwriting images, sourced from the Centre for Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence (CENPARMI) and a graphology expert, was analyzed using machine learning algorithms such as k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN), Random Forest, Logistic Regression, and deep learning techniques via transfer learning. Data balancing was addressed using the Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique (SMOTE), and ensemble methods like Majority Voting and Stacking improved classification performance. Results showed over 90