Abiotic Stresses Management in Citrus

Citrus production is affected globally by several environmental stresses. Some citrus-producing regions suffer from severe ecological abiotic stresses, including cold, soil salinity and sodicity, extreme temperature, and drought. These abiotic stresses can alleviate the growth, fruit yield, and quality of citrus. Strategies that attempt to sustain and increase tolerance of citrus against the negative effect of abiotic stresses are the use of antiperspirant compounds, phytohormones, synthetic and natural growth regulators, soil and plant moisture retaining tools and structures, nutrition management, application of organic fertilizers, rootstocks breeding in citriculture, and others. These strategies increase the yield and growth of the plant along with the relative improvement of the fruit quality during the growth and fruiting period, increasing the absorption of water and nutrients, the extensive accumulation of osmolytes and the increase of antioxidant enzymes, changes in the amount of signaling substances, and the expression of genes under stress, increase tolerance to abiotic stresses in citrus fruits. In this review, we tried to provide a summary of the abiotic stress management in citrus by literature.