articleAdrenal steroid receptors and actions in the nervous systemB. S. McEwen, E. R. De Kloet, and W. RosteneB. S. McEwen, E. R. De Kloet, and W. RostenePublished Online:01 Oct 1986https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1986.66.4.1121MoreSectionsPDF (11 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited BySex differences in major depression and comorbidity of cardiometabolic disorders: impact of prenatal stress and immune exposures7 July 2018 | Neuropsychopharmacology, Vol. 44, No. 1Low on energy? An energy supply-demand perspective on stress and depressionNeuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Vol. 94Tauopathy and neurodegeneration: A role for stressNeurobiology of Stress, Vol. 9Correlations between changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and neurochemistry of the anterior cingulate gyrus in postpartum depressionJournal of Affective Disorders, Vol. 239Comparison of the Role of D1- and D2-Like Receptors in the CA1 Region of the Hippocampus in the Reinstatement Induced by a Subthreshold Dose of Morphine and Forced Swim Stress in Extinguished Morphine-CPP in Rats8 September 2018 | Neurochemical Research, Vol. 76Enteric Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis from the Perspective of Nuclear Receptors28 July 2018 | International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol. 19, No. 8Obesity and episodic memory function17 April 2018 | The Journal of Physiological Sciences, Vol. 68, No. 4A single low-dose of hydrocortisone enhances cognitive functioning in HIV-infected womenAIDSReduced maternal behavior caused by gestational stress is predictive of life span changes in risk-taking behavior and gene expression due to altering of the stress/anti-stress balanceNeuroToxicology, Vol. 66Ultradian rhythmicity of plasma cortisol is necessary for normal emotional and cognitive responses in man9 April 2018 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 115, No. 17Childhood Emotional Abuse Moderates Associations Among Corticomotor White Matter Structure and Stress Neuromodulators in Women With and Without Depression23 April 2018 | Frontiers in Neuroscience, Vol. 12Glucocorticoid hormones are both a major circadian signal and major stress signal: How this shared signal contributes to a dynamic relationship between the circadian and stress systemsFrontiers in Neuroendocrinology, Vol. 49The effects of chronic stress on the human brain: From neurotoxicity, to vulnerability, to opportunityFrontiers in Neuroendocrinology, Vol. 49Endocrine Testing in Acute and Critical Illness29 March 2018Infralimbic dopamine D2 receptors mediate glucocorticoid-induced facilitation of auditory fear memory extinction in ratsBrain Research, Vol. 1682Obesity and Stress: The Melanocortin Connection21 July 2018Steroid Receptors ClassicalIL-1 receptor-antagonist (IL-1Ra) knockout mice show anxiety-like behavior by agingNeuroscience Letters, Vol. 599Glucocorticoids attenuate the central sympathoexcitatory actions of insulinJennifer L. Steiner, Megan E. Bardgett, Lawrence Wolfgang, Charles H. Lang, and Sean D. Stocker15 November 2014 | Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol. 112, No. 10NADPH oxidase-mediated Rac1 GTP activity is necessary for nongenomic actions of the mineralocorticoid receptor in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampusFumiko Kawakami-Mori, Tatsuo Shimosawa, Shengyu Mu, Hong Wang, Sayoko Ogura, Yutaka Yatomi, and Toshiro Fujita15 February 2012 | American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vol. 302, No. 4The Adrenal CortexInvestigations on the polymorphism and pseudopolymorphism of clobetasone butyrate29 April 2011 | Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, Vol. 76, No. 5Stress-Induced Changes in Nucleus Accumbens Glutamate Synaptic PlasticityMatthew R. Campioni, Ming Xu, and Daniel S. McGehee1 June 2009 | Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol. 101, No. 6Neurobiological Pathways between Chronic Stress and Depression: Dysregulated Adaptive Mechanisms?2 November 2017 | Clinical Medicine Insights: Psychiatry, Vol. 2Physiology and Neurobiology of Stress and Adaptation: Central Role of the BrainBruce S. McEwen1 July 2007 | Physiological Reviews, Vol. 87, No. 3Stress, the Hippocampus and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis: Implications for the Development of Psychotic Disorders26 June 2016 | Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 40, No. 9A 24 h corticosterone exposure exacerbates excitotoxic insult in rat hippocampal slice cultures independently of glucocorticoid receptor activation or protein synthesisBrain Research, Vol. 1082, No. 1From Neuroscience to Application in Neuropharmacology: A Generation of Progress in Electrophysiology25 June 2016 | Clinical EEG and Neuroscience, Vol. 37, No. 2Corticosterone Slowly Enhances Miniature Excitatory Postsynaptic Current Amplitude in Mice CA1 Hippocampal CellsHenk Karst, and Marian Joëls1 November 2005 | Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol. 94, No. 5Hormetic Influence of Glucocorticoids on Human Memory1 January 2005 | Nonlinearity in Biology, Toxicology, Medicine, Vol. 3, No. 1Behavioral effects of metyrapone on Pavlovian extinctionNeuroscience Letters, Vol. 371, No. 2-3The glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone reduces ethanol intake in rats under limited access conditionsPsychoneuroendocrinology, Vol. 29, No. 8Modulation of transcriptional sensitivity of mineralocorticoid and estrogen receptorsThe Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Vol. 91, No. 4-5Fetal adaptation to stressEarly Human Development, Vol. 78, No. 2Enhanced sensitivity to glucocorticoids in peripheral mononuclear leukocytes in posttraumatic stress disorderBiological Psychiatry, Vol. 55, No. 11Acute and chronic stress alter ecto-nucleotidase activities in synaptosomes from the rat hippocampusPharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, Vol. 78, No. 2Hippocampal volume change in depression: Late- and early-onset illness compared2 January 2018 | British Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 184, No. 06Salt appetite: a neurohormonal viewpointPhysiology & Behavior, Vol. 81, No. 2A broader view of trauma: A biopsychosocial-evolutionary view of the role of the traumatic stress response in the emergence of pathology and/or growthClinical Psychology Review, Vol. 24, No. 1The neuroanatomy and neuroendocrinology of fragile X syndrome1 January 2004 | Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, Vol. 10, No. 1Postnatal dexamethasone and long term learning and memory functions in developing rats: Effect of postnatal age and genderLife Sciences, Vol. 74, No. 15Glucocorticoids act in the dorsal hindbrain to increase arterial pressureDeborah A. Scheuer, Andrea G. Bechtold, Sylvan S. Shank, and Susan F. Akana1 January 2004 | American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, Vol. 286, No. 1Attenuation of stress-induced elevations in plasma ACTH level and body temperature in rats by green odorPhysiology & Behavior, Vol. 80, No. 4Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Vimentin Expression Is Regulated by Glucocorticoids and Neurotrophic Factors in Primary Rat Astroglial Cultures26 April 2004 | Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, Vol. 26, No. 4Moderate Level Alcohol During Pregnancy, Prenatal Stress, or Both and Limbic-Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical Axis Response to Stress in Rhesus MonkeysChild Development, Vol. 75, No. 1Hippocampal and Hypothalamic Function after Chronic StressAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 1007, No. 1Relationship between dexamethasone-inhibited lysozyme activity in peripheral mononuclear leukocytes and the cortisol and glucocorticoid receptor response to dexamethasoneJournal of Psychiatric Research, Vol. 37, No. 6Stress and amphetamine induce Fos expression in medial prefrontal cortex neurons containing glucocorticoid receptorsBrain Research, Vol. 990, No. 1-2The Enhanced Expression of c-Jun Immunoreactivity in the Adrenalectomized Gerbil HippocampusAnatomia, Histologia, Embryologia: Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series C, Vol. 32, No. 5Psychoneuroendocrinological links between chronic stress and depressionProgress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, Vol. 27, No. 6Acute stress increases calcium current amplitude in rat hippocampus: temporal changes in physiology and gene expressionEuropean Journal of Neuroscience, Vol. 18, No. 5Characterization and functional significance of glucocorticoid receptors in patients with major depression: modulation by antidepressant treatmentPsychoneuroendocrinology, Vol. 28, No. 5Gonadal and adrenal effects on the glucocorticoid receptor in the rat hippocampus, with special reference to regulation by estrogen from an immunohistochemical view-pointNeuroscience Research, Vol. 46, No. 2The glucose paradox of cerebral ischemia: evidence for corticosterone involvementBrain Research, Vol. 971, No. 1Effect of the serotonin agonist buspirone on behaviour and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in confident and fearful minkPhysiology & Behavior, Vol. 78, No. 2Novel glucocorticoid effects on acute inflammation in the CNS31 January 2003 | Journal of Neurochemistry, Vol. 84, No. 4Effect of Chronic Stress on Synaptic Currents in Rat Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus NeuronsHenk Karst, and Marian Joëls1 January 2003 | Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol. 89, No. 1Type II glucocorticoid receptor immunoreactivity in the mossy cells of the rat and the mouse hippocampus28 October 2002 | Hippocampus, Vol. 13, No. 1Rapid glucocorticoid stimulation and GABAergic inhibition of hippocampal serotonergic response: in vivo dialysis in the lizard anolis carolinensisHormones and Behavior, Vol. 43, No. 1Prenatal Stress Alters Seizure Thresholds and the Development of Kindled Seizures in Infant and Adult RatsHormones and Behavior, Vol. 42, No. 4Corticosterone and stress reduce synaptic potentiation in mouse hippocampal slices with mild stimulationNeuroscience, Vol. 115, No. 4Expression and localization of cytochrome P45011β,aldo mRNA in the frog brainBrain Research, Vol. 950, No. 1-2Interaction between glucocorticoid hormones, stress and psychostimulant drugs*16 August 2002 | European Journal of Neuroscience, Vol. 16, No. 3Neuroendocrinology of Body Fluid HomeostasisCorticotropin-Releasing Factor, Corticosteroids, Stress, and SugarPsychoactive drugs affect glucose transport and the regulation of glucose metabolismIndividual vulnerability to substance abuse and affective disorders: Role of early environmental influencesNeurotoxicity Research, Vol. 4, No. 4Crossroads of corticotropin releasing hormone, corticosteroids and monoaminesNeurotoxicity Research, Vol. 4, No. 5-6The Effects of Infant Cries and Odors on Sympathy, Cortisol, and Autonomic Responses in New Mothers and Nonpostpartum WomenParenting, Vol. 1, No. 1Multiple aspects of mineralocorticoid selectivityNicolette Farman, and Marie-Edith Rafestin-Oblin1 February 2001 | American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, Vol. 280, No. 2The Neurobiology of the Stress Cascade and Its Potential Relevance for SchizophreniaJournal of Psychiatric Practice, Vol. 7, No. 1Postischemic Steroid Modulation: Effects on Hippocampal Neuronal Integrity and Synaptic Plasticity31 August 2016 | Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, Vol. 19, No. 10Corticosteroids alter G protein inwardly rectifying potassium channels protein levels in hippocampal subfieldsBrain Research, Vol. 839, No. 2Administration of Dexamethasone Up-Regulates Protein Kinase C Activity and the Expression of γ and ε Protein Kinase C Isozymes in the Rat Brain18 January 2002 | Journal of Neurochemistry, Vol. 72, No. 1The Neurobiological Basis of Anxiety and Fear: Circuits, Mechanisms, and Neurochemical Interactions (Part II)1 March 1998 | The Neuroscientist, Vol. 4, No. 2Serotonin and Carbachol Induced Suppression of Synaptic Excitability in Rat CA1 Hippocampal Area: Effects of Corticosteroid Receptor Activation9 October 2008 | Journal of Neuroendocrinology, Vol. 10, No. 1Stress and Critical Illness: The Integrated Immune/Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Response1 September 1997 | Journal of Intensive Care Medicine, Vol. 12, No. 5Opposite strain-dependent effects of post-training corticosterone in a passive avoidance task in mice: role of dopamineBrain Research, Vol. 729, No. 1The alteration of glucocorticoid receptor-immunoreactivity in the rat forebrain following short-term and long-term adrenalectomyBrain Research, Vol. 729, No. 2Sex differences in corticosteroid binding in the rat brain: an in vitro autoradiographic studyBrain Research, Vol. 708, No. 1-2Prerequisite for Cardiac Aldosterone ActionCirculation, Vol. 92, No. 2Hypothalamic neuropeptide Y, its gene expression and receptor activity: relation to circulating corticosterone in adrenalectomized ratsBrain Research, Vol. 665, No. 2The effect of corticosterone in rats submitted to the elevated plus-maze and to to pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsionsProgress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, Vol. 18, No. 8Heterodimerization between mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptor: A new principle of glucocorticoid action in the CNSNeuron, Vol. 13, No. 6A permissive role of corticosterone in an opioid form of stress-induced analgesia: blockade of opiate analgesia is not due to stress-induced hormone releaseBrain Research, Vol. 663, No. 1Spinal prodynorphin gene expression in collagen-induced arthritis: Influence of the glucocorticosteroid budesonideNeuroscience, Vol. 63, No. 1Long-term exposure to high levels of corticosterone aggravates AF64A-induced cholinergic hypofunction in rat hippocampus in vivoBrain Research, Vol. 661, No. 1-2Differential expression of sgk mRNA, a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase gene family, in rat brain after CNS injuryMolecular Brain Research, Vol. 26, No. 1-2Postnatal handling alters glucocorticoid, but not mineralocorticoid messenger RNA expression in the hippocampus of adult ratsMolecular Brain Research, Vol. 26, No. 1-2Dentate granule cells as a central cardioregulatory site in the ratBrain Research, Vol. 656, No. 2Corticotrophin-releasing factor antagonist inhibits neuronal damage induced by focal cerebral ischaemia or activation of NMDA receptors in the rat brainBrain Research, Vol. 656, No. 2Hypothalamic galanin-like immunoreactivity and its gene expression in relation to circulating corticosteroneMolecular Brain Research, Vol. 25, No. 3-4Glucocortcoids mediate the stress-induced extracellular accumulation of glutamateBrain Research, Vol. 655, No. 1-2Organizing action of corticosterone on the development of behavioral inhibition in the preweanling ratDevelopmental Brain Research, Vol. 81, No. 1High extracellular GABA levels in hippocampus - as a mechanism of neuronal protection in cerebral ischemia in adrenalectomized gerbilsNeuroscience Letters, Vol. 176, No. 2Intracranial action of corticosterone facilitates the development of behavioral inhibition in the adrenalectomized preweanling ratNeuroscience Letters, Vol. 176, No. 2Dexamethasone attenuates kainate-induced AP-1 activation in rat brainMolecular Brain Research, Vol. 24, No. 1-4Evolving aspects of the glucocorticoid hypothesis of brain aging: Hormonal modulation of neuronal calcium homeostasisNeurobiology of Aging, Vol. 15, No. 4Regulation of HSP90 and corticosteroid receptor mRNA by corticosterone levels in vivoMolecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Vol. 103, No. 1-2Chronic 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine administration decreases glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor, but increases 5-hydroxytryptamine1c receptor gene expression in the rat hippocampusNeuroscience, Vol. 61, No. 1Corticosteroid receptor-dependent modulation of calcium currents in rat hippocampal CA1 neuronsBrain Research, Vol. 649, No. 1-2Effects of adrenalectomy and type I or type II glucocorticoid receptor activation on 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 receptor binding and 5-HT transporter mRNA expression in rat brainBrain Research, Vol. 648, No. 1The D1 dopamine agonist SKF 38393, but not the D2 agonist LY 171555, decreases the affinity of type II corticosteroid receptors in rat hippocampus and ventral striatumNeuroscience, Vol. 60, No. 4Steroids and electrical activity in the brainThe Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Vol. 49, No. 4-6Psychobiologic Research in Post-Traumatic Stress DisorderPsychiatric Clinics of North America, Vol. 17, No. 2Vasopressin V1 receptor in rat hippocampus is regulated by adrenocortical functionsBrain Research, Vol. 646, No. 1Corticosterone enhances long-term retention in one-day-old chicks trained in a weak passive avoidance learning paradigmBrain Research, Vol. 647, No. 1Mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors in the brain. Implications for ion permeability and transmitter systemsProgress in Neurobiology, Vol. 43, No. 1Involvement of corticosterone in the modulation of ethanol consumption in the ratAlcohol, Vol. 11, No. 3Binding of the anti-inflammatory steroid deflazacort to glucocorticoid receptors in brain and peripheral tissues. In vivo and in vitro studiesThe Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Vol. 49, No. 1Corticosterone-responsive mRNAs in primary rat astrocytesMolecular Brain Research, Vol. 22, No. 1-4Glutamine synthetase modulation in the brain of rats subjected to deprivation of paradoxical sleepMolecular Brain Research, Vol. 22, No. 1-4Aldosterone modulates glucocorticoid receptor binding in hippocampal cell cultures via the mineralocorticoid receptorBrain Research, Vol. 636, No. 1Methamphetamine-induced decrease in neural glucocorticoid receptors: relationship to monoamine levelsBrain Research, Vol. 638, No. 1-2Adrenalectomy decreases vasoactive intestinal peptide mRNA levels in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleusNeuroscience Letters, Vol. 167, No. 1-2Molecular aspects of neuropeptide regulation and function in the corpus striatum and nucleus accumbensBrain Research Reviews, Vol. 19, No. 1Long-term adrenalectomy reduces hippocampal granule cell excitability in vivoBrain Research Bulletin, Vol. 33, No. 1Oxytocin binding sites in rat limbic and hypothalamic structures: Site-specific modulation by adrenal and gonadal steroidsNeuroscience, Vol. 57, No. 3Facilitation of cocaine kindling by glucocorticoids in ratsBrain Research, Vol. 629, No. 1Modulation of carbachol responsiveness in rat CA1 pyramidal neurons by corticosteroid hormonesBrain Research, Vol. 627, No. 1Brain transcription factor expression: effects of acute and chronic amphetamine and injection stressMolecular Brain Research, Vol. 20, No. 1-2Pharmacological and functional characterization of human mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptor ligandsEuropean Journal of Pharmacology: Molecular Pharmacology, Vol. 247, No. 2Up-regulation of androgen receptor immunoreactivity in the rat brain by androgenic-anabolic steroidsBrain Research, Vol. 622, No. 1-2Basal and stress-induced corticosterone secretion is decreased by lesion of mesencephalic dopaminergic neuronsBrain Research, Vol. 622, No. 1-2Rats orally self-administer corticosteroneBrain Research, Vol. 622, No. 1-2Loss of 5-HT1A receptor mRNA in the dentate gyrus of the long-term adrenalectomized rats and rapid reversal by dexamethasoneMolecular Brain Research, Vol. 19, No. 4Selective neuronal death in the contralateral hippocampus following unilateral kainate injections into the CA3 subfieldNeuroscience, Vol. 56, No. 2Glucocorticoids modulation of calcium currents in growth hormone 3 cellsNeuroscience, Vol. 55, No. 3Expression of a mitogen-inducible cyclooxygenase in brain neurons: Regulation by synaptic activity and glucocorticoidsNeuron, Vol. 11, No. 2Glucocorticoid receptor number and cortisol excretion in mood, anxiety, and psychotic disordersBiological Psychiatry, Vol. 34, No. 1-2Effects of the antiglucocorticoid RU 38486 on the induction of learned helpless behavior in Sprague-Dawley ratsBrain Research, Vol. 615, No. 2The mesolimbic dopaminergic system exerts an inhibitory influence on brain corticosteroid receptor affinitiesNeuroscience, Vol. 55, No. 2Exercise endurance in rats: Roles of type I and II corticosteroid receptorsPhysiology & Behavior, Vol. 53, No. 6Anxiolytic effect of progesterone is associated with increases in cortical alloprenanolone and GABAA receptor functionPharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, Vol. 45, No. 2Differential effect of subchronic dexamethasone treatment on serotonin-2 and β-adrenergic receptors in the rat cerebral cortex and hippocampusNeuroscience Letters, Vol. 155, No. 2Adrenalectomy enhances Fos-like immunoreactivity within the spinal trigeminal nucleus induced by noxious thermal stimulation of the corneaNeuroscience, Vol. 54, No. 3Adrenalectomy attenuates kainic acid-elicited increases of messenger RNAs for neurotrophins and their receptors in the rat brainNeuroscience, Vol. 54, No. 4Long-term control by corticosteroids of the inward rectifier in rat CA1 pyramidal neurons, in vitroBrain Research, Vol. 612, No. 1-2A neurogenetic and morphogenetic approach to hippocampal functions based on individual differences and neurobehavioral covariationsBehavioural Brain Research, Vol. 55, No. 1Glucocorticoid receptor gene expression is unaltered in hippocampal neurons in Alzheimer's diseaseMolecular Brain Research, Vol. 18, No. 3Repeated swim-stress reduces GABAA receptor α subunit mRNAs in the mouse hippocampusMolecular Brain Research, Vol. 18, No. 3Similar effects of aging and corticosterone treatment on mouse hippocampal functionNeurobiology of Aging, Vol. 14, No. 3Glucocorticoid receptor colocalization with pituitary hormones in the rat pituitary glandMolecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Vol. 93, No. 1Alterations in glucocorticoid inducible RNAs in the limbic system of learned helpless ratsBrain Research, Vol. 609, No. 1-2Glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors in rat neocortical and hippocampal brain cells in culture: characterization and regulatory studiesBrain Research, Vol. 605, No. 1Receptor-based assaysCurrent Opinion in Biotechnology, Vol. 4, No. 1Corticosterone impairs hippocampal neuronal calcium regulation — possible mediating mechanismsBrain Research, Vol. 602, No. 1Differential sensitivity to dexamethasone influence on morphine antinociception in two different strains of mice: DBA/2J and C57BL/6Life Sciences, Vol. 52, No. 9Physiopharmacological interactions between stress hormones and central serotonergic systemsBrain Research Reviews, Vol. 18, No. 1No aging effect on hippocampal type II glucocorticoid receptors in two inbred mouse strainsNeurobiology of Aging, Vol. 14, No. 1Stress-induced sensitization to amphetamine and morphine psychomotor effects depend on stress-induced corticosterone secretionBrain Research, Vol. 598, No. 1-2Effects of adrenal steroid agonists on food intake and macronutrient selectionPhysiology & Behavior, Vol. 52, No. 6Prenatal stress selectively alters the reactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal system in the female ratBrain Research, Vol. 595, No. 2Glucocorticoid regulation of preproenkephalin gene expression in the rat forebrainMolecular Brain Research, Vol. 16, No. 1-2Noradrenergic regulation of type-I and type-II corticosteroid receptors in amygdala and hypothalamusBrain Research, Vol. 587, No. 2Regulation of flunitrazepam binding in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord by adrenalectomy and corticosteroidsBrain Research, Vol. 589, No. 1Central 6-hydroxydopamine lesions decrease mineralocorticoid, but not glucocorticoid receptor gene expression in the rat hippocampusNeuroscience Letters, Vol. 142, No. 2Repeated corticosterone administration sensitizes the locomotor response to amphetamineBrain Research, Vol. 584, No. 1-2Neuropeptides, steroid hormones, stress and reproductionJournal of Controlled Release, Vol. 21, No. 1-3Mimicking corticosterone's daily rhythm with specific receptor agonists: Effects on food, water, and sodium intakePhysiology & Behavior, Vol. 51, No. 6Serotonergic regulation of type II corticosteroid receptor binding in hippocampal cell cultures: Evidence for the importance of serotonin-induced changes in cAMP levelsNeuroscience, Vol. 48, No. 3Prenatal ethanol effects: Sex differences in offspring stress responsivenessAlcohol, Vol. 9, No. 3Corticosterone implants in the paraventricular nucleus inhibit ACTH and corticosterone responses and the release of corticotropin-releasing factor following neural stimuliBrain Research, Vol. 578, No. 1-2Medial septal cholinergic lesions increase hippocampal mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptor messenger RNA expressionBrain Research, Vol. 577, No. 1Regulation of adrenomedullary preproenkephalin mRNA: effects of hypoglycemia during developmentMolecular Brain Research, Vol. 13, No. 35-Hydroxytryptamine stimulates stimulates corticosteroid-sensitive CRF release from cultured foetal hypothalamic cells. Role of protein kinasesBrain Research, Vol. 574, No. 1-2Synthesis, tissue distribution in rats and PET studies in baboon brain of no-carrier-added [18F]RU 52461: in vivo evaluation as a brain glucocorticoid receptor radioligandInternational Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part B. Nuclear Medicine and Biology, Vol. 19, No. 2Neuroendocrine Mechanisms and the Precipitation of Depression by Life Events6 August 2018 | British Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 160, No. S15The Vulnerability of the Hippocampus to Protective and Destructive Effects of Glucocorticoids in Relation to Stress6 August 2018 | British Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 160, No. S15Paradoxical effects of adrenal steroids on the brain: Protection versus degenerationBiological Psychiatry, Vol. 31, No. 2Control of neuronal excitability by corticosteroid hormonesTrends in Neurosciences, Vol. 15, No. 1The effect of aging on stress responsiveness and central corticosteroid receptors in the Brown Norway ratNeurobiology of Aging, Vol. 13, No. 1Dopaminergic activity is reduced in the prefrontal cortex and increased in the nucleus accumbens of rats predisposed to develop amphetamine self-administrationBrain Research, Vol. 567, No. 1Effect of 6-hydroxydopamine and 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine on tissue uptake and cell nuclear retention of corticosterone in the rat hypothalamusBrain Research, Vol. 566, No. 1-2Phosphate/calcium alterations in the first stages of Alzheimer's disease: Implications for etiology and pathogenesisJournal of the Neurological Sciences, Vol. 106, No. 2Effects of adrenalectomy on macronutrient selection patterns in the ratPharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, Vol. 40, No. 4Stereotypies and sufferingBehavioural Processes, Vol. 25, No. 2-3Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal dysfunction in posttraumatic stress disorderBiological Psychiatry, Vol. 30, No. 10Long-term adrenalectomy causes loss of dentate gyrus and pyramidal neurons in the adult hippocampusExperimental Neurology, Vol. 114, No. 2Adrenal steroids and the physiopathology of a subset of depressive disordersMedical Hypotheses, Vol. 36, No. 3Glycyrrhetinic acid, an inhibitor of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, alters local cerebral glucose utilization in vivoThe Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Vol. 39, No. 5Distribution of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor messenger RNA expression in human postmortem hippocampusBrain Research, Vol. 561, No. 2Steroid-specific regulation of agonistic responding in the anterior hypothalamus of male hamstersPhysiology & Behavior, Vol. 50, No. 4Postnatal development of corticosteroid receptor immunoreactivity in the rat hippocampusDevelopmental Brain Research, Vol. 62, No. 1Dietary restriction does not alter retinal aging in the Fischer 344 ratNeurobiology of Aging, Vol. 12, No. 5Age-related changes in glucocorticoid receptor binding and mRNA levels in the rat brain and pituitaryNeurobiology of Aging, Vol. 12, No. 5Early developmental and temporal characteristics of stress-induced secretion of pituitary-adrenal hormones in prenatally stressed rat pupsBrain Research, Vol. 558, No. 1Corticosterone regulation of brain and lymphoid corticosteroid receptorsThe Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Vol. 39, No. 2Steroid hormones as mediators of neural plasticityThe Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Vol. 39, No. 2Modulation by adrenal steroids of limbic functionThe Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Vol. 39, No. 2Cellular mechanisms underlying the development and expression of individual differences in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress responseThe Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Vol. 39, No. 2Postnatal ontogeny of mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptor gene expression in regions of the rat tel- and diencephalonDevelopmental Brain Research, Vol. 61, No. 1Glucocorticoid type II receptors of the spinal cord show lower affinity than hippocampal type II receptors: Binding parameters obtained with different experimental protocolsThe Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Vol. 39, No. 1Potentiation of angiotensin II-induced drinking by glucocorticoids is a specific glucocorticoid Type II receptor (GR)-mediated eventBrain Research, Vol. 552, No. 2Increased effect of noradrenaline on synaptic responses in rat CA1 hippocampal area after adrenalectomyBrain Research, Vol. 550, No. 2Effect of age on the cortisol response to human corticotropin-releasing hormone in depressed patients pretreated with dexamethasoneBiological Psychiatry, Vol. 29, No. 10Hippocampal type I and type II corticosteroid receptor affinities are reduced in rats predisposed to develop amphetamine self-administrationBrain Research, Vol. 548, No. 1-2Steroids and depressionThe Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Vol. 38, No. 5Life events-induced decrease of corticosteroid type I receptors is associated with reduced corticosterone feedback and enhanced vulnerability to amphetamine self-administrationBrain Research, Vol. 547, No. 1Gluco- a
更多