AI-Driven Biomechanics-Relevant Mechanical Characterization of ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized by Pulsed Nd: YAG Laser for Dental Restoration Applications

Nanomaterials are increasingly investigated for dental restorations to improve mechanical reliability. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are attractive for reinforcement and antibacterial potential, yet optimisation is challenging because nanoparticle properties depend on synthesis conditions and experimental datasets are often limited. This study aimed to identify the ZnO loading that yields optimal mechanical performance in a photocured dental resin using an integrated synthesis–testing–modelling workflow. ZnO NPs were synthesised by pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) using an Nd: YAG laser at three pulse energies (30, 70, and 150 mJ) and characterised by SEM, XRD, FTIR, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. A selected ZnO batch was incorporated into a photocured dental resin at 0–0.7569 wt