Vacuolated mesophyll protoplasts of Nicotiana rustica L.were electrically fused with evacuolated protoplasts of the same genus(N. tabacum cv.‘Gexin No.1’)during a 7-day space flight in the Chinese spacecraftSZ-4.The initial cell division leading to micro-callus formation took place after landing(Fig.1).Higher plating efficien- cies were observed in the flight samples than the control culture,but the frequency of plantlets re- generation reduced by about 20% of the control (Table 1).The hybrid characters were tested by chromosome counting,isozyme analysis and com- parison of morphological characteristics(Figs.2- 4).About 32% of the regenerates showed hybrid character.Leaf morphological modifications were found in 3 hybrids,i.e.,H23,H25 and H27.After backcrossing with N.rustica,alterations in flower color and leaf shape occurred in the somatic hy- brid H23(Fig.5).These results demonstrate that the hybrids formed under microgravity condition could regenerate fertile plants.
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