Hydrogel actuators with intrinsic softness, biocompatibility and large deformability hold great promise for extensive applications in intelligent autonomous soft robotics. However, achieving directionally controllable autonomous motion under constant stimulation remains a key challenge, primarily due to the isotropic and densely crosslinked nature of conventional hydrogel networks, which limits both directional driving forces and efficient mass transport pathways. Here, we report a simple method for the fabrication of curved cylindrical hydrogels with aligned porous channels that enable autonomous rolling under constant light irradiation via directional freezing assembly-assisted in situ photopolymerization. Benefiting from the oriented open-cell network, the hydrogel exhibited fast light-responsive deformation with bending and recovery speeds of 16.5 (°)·s−1 and 24 (°)·s−1, respectively. Notably, the hydrogel achieved self-sustained rolling under constant light irradiation at a speed of 0.77 mm·s−1, arising from the synergy of structural anisotropy and geometric curvature. By spatially modulating the irradiation region, the photo-guided direction-steerable rolling could be realized. Additionally, the hydrogel implemented multiple tasks including obstacle crossing, stair climbing and cargo transport, highlighting its potential in biomimetic soft robotic systems.
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