Association Between the Val66Met (rs6265) Polymorphism of the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Gene, BDNF Protein Level in the Blood and the Risk of Developing Early‑onset Parkinson’s Disease

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in the maintenance of dopamine level and the survival of dopaminergic neurons, which may affect the functionality of brain structures responsible for motor and cognitive function. The aim of the study was to assess the association of individual and combined single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the rs6265 BDNF (Val66Met), rs397595 DAT (SLC6A3), and rs4680 COMT (Val158Met) genes with early‑onset of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. Moreover, we assessed the association between the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and the level of BDNF protein in the serum of patients with PD and controls. The study involved 163 patients with idiopathic PD divided into early onset (<55 years) and late‑onset (>55 years) groups and 91 healthy age‑matched people (Control). The SNP were determined using the TaqMan Real‑Time PCR method. Serum BDNF levels were determined by ELISA assay. The risk of developing early PD in people with the BDNF genotype AG increases threefold in comparison with the carriers of the BDNF genotype GG. In PD patients and healthy people with the BDNF genotypes AG and AA, a lower serum BDNF level was found compared to those with the BDNF genotype GG in both groups. The results of our study indicate that the presence of the Val66Met BDNF gene polymorphism is associated with reduced blood BDNF levels and an elevated risk of developing early‑onset PD. This effect appears to be more pronounced in men.