Association of Ppargc1a Gly482Ser Polymorphism with Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome During Postmenopause

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is a disorder that encompasses a range of symptoms such as central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and is associated with a stronger predisposition to the development of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The occurrence of metabolic syndrome depends on both environmental factors and genetic influences. Changes in the expression of the gene for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) are among the factors that may influence the development of insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia, and consequently, metabolic syndrome and T2D. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the association of the Gly482Ser polymorphism in the PGC-1α gene with lipid status and the occurrence of obesity, T2D, and metabolic syndrome in the postmenopausal period. Material and methods: The study included 112 postmenopausal women, aged 65.01 ± 6.16 years. Demographic and anthropometric (height, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio) data, as well as biochemical analysis results (lipid status, glucose levels) were collected for all participants. Genotyping was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a standardized TaqMan assay. Results: The study found a statistically significant difference in the mean total cholesterol levels based on the participants’ genotypes. Women with the AA genotype had significantly higher total cholesterol levels (p = 0.030). No statistically significant association was found between the Gly482Ser genotype and other parameters. Conclusion: This study found an association between the AA genotype of the Gly482Ser polymorphism in the PGC-1α gene and higher total cholesterol levels in postmenopausal women.