Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are critical for enhancing road safety and optimizing traffic flow. Attribute-based searchable encryption (ABSE) with blockchain supports one-to-many encryption, ciphertext search, and decentralized storage, providing a solution to enable data sharing in VANETs. However, existing VANETs schemes face many limitations: blockchain miner nodes are at risk of stealing vehicle attribute keys during key verification; the lack of permission control may also lead to unauthorized downloads; and multi-keyword search, encryption, and decryption require a lot of computing power. To address these issues, we propose an attribute-based searchable encryption scheme for secure data sharing with blockchain (ABSE-VANETs). Specifically, we introduce multiple authorization authorities to manage attributes and generate obfuscated key parameters via bilinear pairing to prevent the leakage of vehicle attribute keys. We combine linear integer secret sharing (LISS) to bind the ciphertext download permission and the vehicle attribute set to prevent unauthorized ciphertext download. Moreover, we optimize the multi-keyword index generation algorithm and trapdoor structure and construct a multi-keyword index with the help of blockchain, which achieves the fast positioning of the ciphertext address on the chain. Finally, we utilize the edge cloud server to realize proxy decryption of ciphertexts, which further reduces the computation pressure on the vehicle terminal. Formal security analysis and performance comparison experiments show that our scheme is highly secure under the DBDH assumption and performs well in terms of communication and computation efficiency.
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