Autonomic Effects of Simulated Periodic Breathing in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure on Contemporary Guideline-Directed Therapy.

The aim of this study was to evaluate sympathetic responses to experimentally induced periodic breathing/Cheyne-Stokes respiration (PB/CSR)-like patterns in optimally treated patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) compared with matched healthy controls. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) was recorded in 22 patients with systolic CHF (63 ± 9 years; left ventricular ejection fraction 31 ± 8