Base Editing in Rice Using Nuclease-Deactivated CRISPR/Cas-SF01.

Adenine and cytosine base editing using dCas-SF01 and the 35S-CmYLCV-U6 composite promoter successfully introduced targeted base substitutions at multiple loci in rice, with average editing efficiency of 33.3%. Using the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM)-relaxed SF01-IKRR variant enabled base editing using 5'-NTN PAMs in rice.