Behavior and Mechanism of Low-Concentration Rare Earth Ions Precipitated by the Microbial Humic-Like Acids

The disposal of bulky low-concentration rare earth solutions (usually ≤ 200 mg L−1) is difficult and it can easily lead to the waste of rare earth resources. The precipitant separation method is a simple and effective technique that is commonly used for rare earth recovery, but the application of biological component precipitants is rarely reported. In this study, the effects of the precipitation of low concentrations of rare earth ions by excess sludge humic-like acids were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy revealed that the addition of humic-like acids to low-concentration rare earth solutions could produce a flocculent precipitate. The precipitation rate was more than 89%. The content of rare earth metals such as Nd, Y, and La in the rare earth precipitate reached 23.72%, and the elution rate of 1.25 mol L−1 hydrochloric acid was 90.50%. It was concluded that the humic-like acids might contain many functional groups capable of adsorbing rare earth ions. It was inferred that the possible mechanism might be that rare earth ions were precipitated by a series of net catch, ion exchange, and adsorption processes. These findings provide a reference for the future recovery of rare earth resources.