To diversify agricultural production and introduce new valuable oilseed crops in Ukraine, it is necessary to conserve, study, and develop oilseed collections as a basis for breeding. Oilseed collections and breeding programs have been conducted at the Institute of Oilseed Crops for many years. The research was carried out using classical field experiments over several growing seasons. The results demonstrate the diversity and size of the castor bean and safflower collections, reveal the yield potential of the most promising accessions, and compare the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of accessions of different origins and breeding backgrounds. Under the conditions of the Zaporizhia region, the best castor bean accessions achieved yields of up to 2.96 t/ha, oil content of up to 61%, and ricinoleic acid content of up to 92%. The best safflower accessions yielded up to 3.05 t/ha, with oil content up to 38%, thousand-seed weight up to 55 g, protein content up to 20%, and hull content up to 55%.
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