dren in the working force are examined as well as racial considerations, and the positions of older workers. Attitudes toward labor, ranging from the economic necessity of toil to the feeling that work is, at best, a necessary evil which interferes with achieving a good life, and covering Western and Oriental ideals, provide stimulating reading. One gains the impression at times that the authors have sacrificed something in the way of depth of treatment in order to obtain breadth of coverage. They have spread it a bit thin in places, although the job on the whole is well done. The authors find no adequate theory to explain the variations they find in their studies of the working force. They submit a tentative "theory of socio-economic change" in chapter 3, and in the latter part of chapter 19, to the effect that there appears to be an evolutionary tendency in advanced economies for a specialized working force to appearasmarket economies replace subsistence economies. In subsistence economies the working force embraces practically the entire population. In the highly developed market economies "only the (adult men) are now universally found at work" (p. 376). Social and cultural attitudes seem to play decisive roles in the determination of working force patterns, with economic forces dominant, especially in countries progressing from primitive to more highly developed economies. The book is timely and should be of special interest to policy makers and students of manpower requirements at this time of mobilization for defense. NATHANAEL H. ENGLE University of Washington
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