Can Exercise As a Complementary Technique Manage Inflammatory Markers in Women with Breast Cancer Who Are Overweight and Obese? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background Inflammation can result in the development of breast cancer in women with overweight and obese, and also affects the outcome and prognosis of breast cancer patients, thereby decreasing the cure and survival rates of breast cancer patients. Exercise may benefit breast cancer patients as a supplement to conventional treatments. However, research on the effects of exercise on inflammatory markers in women with breast cancer who are overweight and obese remains incomplete. Objective A systematic review and meta-analysis were used to study the effects of exercise on inflammatory markers in women with breast cancer who are overweight and obese. Method Literature up to May 2024 was searched from databases such as Cochrane, Embase, Pubmed, Web of Science, and EBSCO, and English-language randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that met the inclusion criteria were screened. The screening criteria were as follows (A) written in English; (B) RCT; (C) studied in women with overweight obese and breast cancer; (D) outcome measures: inflammatory markers; (E) the duration of the exercise intervention was unlimited. Results A total of 14 articles and 1064 participants were included. Exercise significantly reduced C-reactive protein (CRP) (MD: -0.52, 95 % CI: -0.94 to -0.11; p = 0.01; heterogeneity p < 0.1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (MD: -0.87, 95 % CI: -1.62 to -0.11; p = 0.02; heterogeneity p < 0.1), and leptin (MD: -0.92, 95 % CI: -1.71 to -0.13; p = 0.02; heterogeneity p < 0.1) levels and exercise significantly increased adiponectin levels (MD: 0.89, 95 % CI: 0.03-1.75, p = 0.04; heterogeneity p < 0.1) but had no effect on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) (MD: -0.26, 95 % CI: -0.82-0.29; p = 0.35; heterogeneity p < 0.1) and IL-10 (MD: 0.14, 95 % CI: -0.17-0.45; p = 0.37; heterogeneity p = 0.45) were not significant. In addition, subgroup analyses suggest that combination training (CE) may be the most recommended type of exercise to decrease pro-inflammatory markers, and increase anti-inflammatory markers in women with overweight obesity, and have breast cancer. Conclusion Exercise significantly reduced CRP, IL-6, and leptin levels and overall increased adiponectin levels in women with overweight obese, and breast cancer. However, the effects on TNF-alpha and IL-10 levels were not significant. CE may be the most recommended type of exercise for reducing pro-inflammatory factors and increasing anti-inflammatory factors. Therefore, this study considers exercise as an effective complementary approach to managing inflammatory markers in women with breast cancer who are overweight and obese. Future researchers may consider exploring the combined effects of exercise and dietary control, weight loss, and other factors, and formulate a comprehensive treatment plan accordingly.