Carbon Dioxide Sequestration, Conversion and Utilization

Globally, emissions from various energy production and industrial processes contribute a significant amount of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. The build-up of CO2 in the atmosphere is the primary cause of global warming and related climate changes. Therefore, it is essential not only to control the emission but also to remove it from the atmosphere. All human-induced processes must follow a zero-carbon budget to achieve this. Further, future economic growth and policies must ensure a carbon-neutral approach of no net gain in the atmospheric carbon pool. In this context, the natural or anthropogenic process of transferring and storing atmospheric CO2 (which would otherwise remain in the atmosphere) into other long-lived carbon pools is called carbon sequestration. This chapter deals with the carbon sequestration options, methods and challenges. It also briefly explains the chemical conversion of CO2 into methanol.