Class-Conditional Sharpness-Aware Minimization for Deep Long-Tailed Recognition.

It's widely acknowledged that deep learning models with flatter minima in its loss landscape tend to generalize better. However, such property is under-explored in deep long-tailed recognition (DLTR), a practical problem where the model is required to generalize equally well across all classes when trained on highly imbalanced label distribution. In this paper, through empirical observations, we argue that sharp minima are in fact prevalent in deep long-tailed models, whereas naï ve integration of existing flattening operations into long-tailed learning algorithms brings little improvement. Instead, we propose an effective two-stage sharpness-aware optimization approach based on the decoupling paradigm in DLTR. In the first stage, both the feature extractor and classifier are trained under parameter perturbations at a class-conditioned scale, which is theoretically motivated by the characteristic radius of flat minima under the PAC-Bayesian framework. In the second stage, we generate adversarial features with class-balanced sampling to further robustify the classifier with the backbone frozen. Extensive experiments on multiple long-tailed visual recognition benchmarks show that, our proposed Class-Conditional Sharpness-Aware Minimization (CC-SAM), achieves competitive performance compared to the state-of-the-arts. Code is available at https://github.com/zzpustc/CC-SAM.