Clinical Characteristics, Surgical Management, and Visual Outcomes of Work-Related Intraocular Foreign Body Injuries in a Tertiary Referral Center

To describe clinical characteristics, surgical management, and visual outcomes of work-related intraocular foreign body (IOFB) injuries and factors associated with visual acuity (VA) at the last recorded follow-up visit. This retrospective study included 59 patients with work-related IOFBs treated at a tertiary referral center (2017–2025). Clinical and surgical data were recorded, including IOFB location/size, retinal detachment, endophthalmitis, and surgical approach; the Ocular Trauma Score (OTS) was calculated where assessable. VA was converted to logMAR and analyzed continuously. Associations with follow-up VA were assessed with univariable tests and multivariable linear regression (initial VA, retinal detachment, posterior IOFB location, endophthalmitis, and their interaction), plus a follow-up-duration sensitivity analysis. Mean age was 43.5 ± 12.6 years and 98.3