The Cosmic Microwave Background Stage Four Experiment (CMB-S4) is a planned DOE/NSF ground-based experiment that will probe the entire history of the cosmos by performing millimeter-wave sky surveys to produce multi-wavelength sky maps in both intensity and polarization of unprecedented quality. To meet its ambitious and transformative science goals within a reasonable survey duration, CMB-S4 employs a rigorous Systems Engineering approach to ensure tight control of instrumental sensitivity, systematic error, and instrument down-time. This disciplined Systems Engineering framework is essential for managing the instrumental configuration within the multi-institutional structure of the project. We present an overview of the project's Systems Engineering approach, processes, tools, and status.