Code Clone-Based Defect Prediction for Autonomous Driving Software

In recent years, autonomous driving has drawn extensive attention. Software plays a crucial role in autonomous driving tasks including perception, planning, control, etc. As autonomous driving software systems often operate in safety-critical environments, their defects may cause catastrophic consequences. Therefore, predicting defective files in autonomous driving software before deployment is important to help developers accurately locate and address potential issues. Although prior studies have presented code clones are prone to cause defects, the potential of code clones as predictors of software defects remains unexplored, particularly in the context of autonomous driving software. In this paper, we propose a suite of code clone-based metrics, and employ them to develop defect prediction models for autonomous driving software. Through an empirical study on two representative L4 autonomous driving systems, Apollo and Autoware, we demonstrate that models relying solely on our clone-based metrics can effectively predict defective files with accuracy rates of 80–84