Combining Standard Penetration Test and Geoelectrical Investigations: a Comprehensive Review of Correlations and Applications

Present study provides a comprehensive review of standard penetration test (SPT) and resistivity studies, focusing on their methodologies, applications, and comparative effectiveness in geotechnical engineering. SPT, a globally adopted invasive in-situ testing method tends to generate pivotal information regarding soil parameters in the form of strength, density, and lithological subsoil stratification. Conversely, resistivity studies measures electrical resistance of subsurface materials which tends to offer non-invasive techniques for assessing soil composition, detect groundwater contamination, and mapping of subsurface structures. The review explores the fundamental principles behind both techniques and examines recent advancements that enhance their accuracy and applicability. The strengths and limitations of each method are highlighted. While the SPT is highly effective for direct soil sampling and mechanical property evaluation, resistivity studies excel in providing a broader spatial overview of subsurface conditions without disturbing the soil. By Combining SPT and resistivity data, researchers and practitioners can achieve a more comprehensive understanding of subsurface conditions, thereby improving the reliability of geotechnical investigations. In geotechnical engineering, SPT and resistivity methods have been widely adopted across various research topics. This review summarizes their applications and depicts the statistical trends in published papers. Additionally, the study discusses proposed correlations between SPT N values and soil resistivity data, supported by a case study to check the applicability of these correlations. The findings of this study contribute to the advancement of geotechnical engineering by providing a robust framework for Combining SPT and resistivity.