Comparison of Electrogastrography Findings in Patients with Dyspepsia with and Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

BACKGROUND Dyspepsia encompasses a wide range of high-prevalence upper gastrointestinal symptoms, especially in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) owing to diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Despite its disruption to daily life, limited studies have compared patients with dyspepsia with and without T2DM, largely due to high-cost, availability, and radiation exposure of the gold standard gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES). Although less accurate than GES, electrogastrography (EGG) examination is more affordable, non-invasive, and radiation-free instead, recording gastric myoelectrical activity to assess gastric motility dysfunction, and making it a promising preliminary evaluation tool for detecting gastric motility dysfunction. AIM To investigate gastric myoelectrical activity in patients with dyspepsia with and without T2DM using EGG. METHODS Clinical and demographic data of study participants were collected from August to December 2025 at Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital and Mitra Keluarga Hospital Kemayoran through consecutive sampling. Eligible subjects were patients who provided informed consent, had complete medical records, completed the Indonesian version of the Short-Form Leeds Dyspepsia Questionnaire, and underwent EGG recordings. Data were statistically analysed using SPSS version 26.0, including bivariate comparative analyses and multivariate analysis with robust variance estimation Poisson regression. RESULTS In total, 76 subjects (38 in each group) were included. Patients in the T2DM group were older (P = 0.001), predominantly obese (P = 0.006), and had higher rates of indigestion (P = 0.021) and bradygastria (P = 0.005). EGG results were similar across demographic characteristics (P > 0.05), while T2DM status remained independently associated with bradygastria in multivariate analysis. Compared with other forms of gastric myoelectrical activity, patients with T2DM had a higher likelihood of bradygastria (adjusted prevalence ratio: 1.739; 95%CI: 1.079-2.804; P = 0.023). Additionally, good glycaemic control (glycated haemoglobin of < 6.5%) in patients with T2DM was associated with milder dyspepsia (P = 0.036). CONCLUSION T2DM is significantly associated with bradygastria in patients with dyspepsia. Good glycaemic control is associated with milder dyspeptic symptoms in patients with T2DM.