Non-surgical aesthetic procedures, including energy-based devices and injectable therapies, have become increasingly popular worldwide, creating distinct skincare needs for peri-procedural recovery and long-term post-procedure maintenance. This narrative review summarizes current evidence on cosmetic peptides as adjunctive skincare across both phases. A structured literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar, only including peptides with an International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI) designation and defined amino acid sequences. Available clinical evidence suggests potential roles for cosmetic peptides in two interconnected scenarios. In peri-procedural care—spanning pre-procedure conditioning through post-procedure recovery—signal peptides, carrier peptides, and antimicrobial peptides have demonstrated benefits in accelerating healing and reducing erythema, edema, and bruising. As a long-term adjuvant strategy, signal peptides, neurotransmitter-inhibiting peptides, and whitening peptides may contribute to collagen remodeling, wrinkle reduction, and pigment control. Although enzyme-inhibiting peptides currently lack direct clinical evidence, their proposed mechanisms suggest potential for future investigation. However, the evidence remains limited by small sample sizes, short follow-up periods, heterogeneous peptide formulations and treatment protocols, and frequent use of proprietary multi-ingredient products. Overall, cosmetic peptides represent a potential adjunctive approach in aesthetic medicine. Larger, well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to establish their clinical value and long-term safety.
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