Diverse issues can manifest as undesirable deflections or slopes in buildings. Determining the cause of the deflection is important to understanding if it is merely an undesirable condition or a symptom of a more concerning issue. To assist in making that determination, an overview of floor and roof deflection investigations is presented to highlight limitations of code and construction practices in avoiding deflection-related problems and identify key elements of investigative approaches to determine distinct causes originating from similar reported symptoms. Causes such as indirect load paths, decay, design and construction defects, materials differences, and incompatible deflections between floors are discussed and related conditions that deserve additional attention will be identified.
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