Determination of Medicinal Properties of Silver Nanoparticles Derived from Rice Cultivated in Turkey: Cytogenetic Selection and Characterization

In this study, cytogenetic parameters were used for the first time as the selection criterion for biogenic silver nanoparticle synthesis. As a result of the karyotype analysis of five Turkish rice varieties, Osmancık and Karacadağ varieties showing high symmetry index and significant rDNA organization were selected. This study examines the medicinal properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from these two rice varieties. These nanoparticles have been extensively evaluated for various biomedical applications, including anti-inflammatory, neurological, anti-cancer, and diabetic applications. Nanoparticles from Osmancık showed potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective, and antidiabetic activity. Nanoparticles obtained from Karacadağ showed similar trends but lower activity. Rice extracts exhibited biomedical activity, but the nanoparticle form is more effective. In acute toxicity studies in mice, nanoparticles derived from orally administered rice did not show significant toxicity at high doses and were above the LD₅₀. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that karyotype symmetry can serve as a predictive indicator of biogenic nanoparticle quality. It demonstrates the multifaceted biomedical potential of nanoparticles derived from Turkish rice. Comprehensive biological safety assessments are recommended prior to clinical implementation.