Development and Validation of Robot Patient Equipped with an Inertial Measurement Unit and Angular Position Sensors to Evaluate Transfer Skills of Nurses.

To more efficiently enhance the patient transfer skills of nursing students, this study aims to integrate a transfer skills evaluation system and a robot patient. The evaluation parameters, namely, the translational acceleration of the waist, rotational speed of the chest, and joint angles of the shoulder, hip, and knee, were selected on the basis of the pre-experimental results obtained with a simulated patient acted by the human individuals. To measure these parameters, inertial measurement unit (IMU) and angular position sensors were installed on the robot patient. An experiment was conducted with four nursing teachers to verify whether the robot patient could distinguish the incorrect methods of the transfer skills, determined to be a common mistake made by the nurses. According to the results, most transfer steps had the same effect on the simulated patient and the robot patient, which demonstrates that the robot patient is a suitable substitute for an actual patient. However, in certain steps, the robot patient was not able to distinguish between the correct and incorrect methods using the chosen parameters owing to the differences being insignificant. These insignificant differences were mostly attributed to the passive joint design of the robot patient.