Development: Multiscale CSB—Simulation Tools

In order to cover bottom-up and top-down phenomena multiscale SB simulation tools should include organ-level considerations, and should be used in conjunction with multiscale modeling tools which have the ability to handle many orders of magnitude in both length and timescale. Several new R&D paradigms, based on CSB, are proposed, while some are already in the research stage. This effort will lead to virtual organ/disease models, emerging as important tools. Identifying and targeting a system’s emergent properties is a major goal for coming years. This will cause a paradigm shift in R&D activity in Pharma yielding a move from population models to models of individualized medicine. The importance of multiscale CSB is underlined here as a great attention is given here in this section.