DOA Estimation Algorithm Based on Orthogonal Coded Metasurface

To address the challenges of high hardware costs and structural complexity in traditional antenna array-based Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation systems, this paper proposes an orthogonal inversion DOA estimation method based on a space-time coding metasurface (STCM). Using an orthogonal coding scheme, the proposed method performs secondary modulation on the received signals. By employing an efficient regeneration algorithm, the incident wave signals at each antenna element are retrieved using only a single receiving antenna, thereby achieving high-precision angular estimation in conjunction with the MUSIC algorithm. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly reduces system complexity and hardware costs while maintaining high estimation accuracy, thereby validating its feasibility and robustness.