Effect of MHD on Dusty Mixed Convection Heat Transfer Past a Sphere in Newtonian Fluid

This study presents a mathematical model for unsteady magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) fluid flow past a sphere, incorporating mixed convective heat transfer and suspended dust particles. The existence of dust particles significantly alters flow properties, influencing velocity, temperature distribution, and boundary layer behavior. The governing equations for fluid and dust phases are solved numerically using the Keller-box method implemented in MATLAB. The results demonstrate that increasing the magnetic field and dust particle density enhances fluid velocity while reducing temperature, leading to thinner momentum and thermal boundary layers. These effects are attributed to the Lorentz force, which accelerates fluid motion while reducing heat transfer efficiency. The findings provide valuable insights into MHD fluid flow applications, including pollutant dispersion and haze control on blunt surfaces. Additionally, this study is relevant to real-world applications such as cooling spherical electronic components, managing heat in nuclear fuel elements, and controlling thermal processes in plasma and metallurgical industries where dusty flows interact with magnetic fields. The novelty of this work lies in the simultaneous consideration of unsteady MHD effects, mixed convection, and dusty fluid interaction past a sphere, which has not been extensively addressed in previous studies. This integrated approach offers a more realistic framework for predicting heat transfer and flow behavior in complex engineering systems.