Efficacy of Trivalent Influenza Vaccine in Enhancing Boosting Immunity among the Elderly Population: A Study of Immunologic Parameter

The elderly population is at high risk of severe complications from influenza due to decreased effectiveness of the immune response (Immunosenescence). Trivalent influenza vaccines are designed to boost immunity and provide protection against some influenza virus strains. The research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the trivalent influenza vaccine in enhancing immune response in elderly populations by examining specific immunological parameters. A total of 44 elderly participants were vaccinated with one of three trivalent influenza vaccines: A/Singapore – EFTHA 1835, A/Singapore – EFTHAS 1828, and B/Maryland – EFTTHAC 1822. Antibody titers were measured using the Hemagglutination Inhibition (HAI) test before and after vaccination. Levels of immunological markers IL-15, MIP-1α, IFN-γ, and CD16 were assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Before immunization, HAI titers were low in all groups. After vaccination, all groups showed a significant increase in HAI titers (p = 0.000), with the largest increase in group A/Singapore – EFTHA 1835. IL-15 and MIP-1α levels increased, while IFN-γ (p = 0.003) and CD16 levels decreased significantly. The trivalent influenza vaccine effectively enhances the immune response in the elderly population, evidenced by increased HAI titers and significant changes in immunological markers.