Electron Transfers in Chemistry and Biology

Electron-transfer reactions between ions and molecules in solution have been the subject of considerable experimental study during the past three decades. Experimental results have also been obtained on related phenomena, such as reactions between ions or molecules and electrodes, charge-transfer spectra, photoelectric emission spectra of ionic solutions, chemiluminescent electron transfers, electron transfer through frozen media, and electron transfer through thin hydrocarbon-like films on electrodes.