Empirical Analysis on the Effectiveness of Pre-trained Models in the Identification of Physical Violence Against Women in Videos for a Multi-class Approach.

Violence against women captured in videos and surveillance systems necessitates effective identification to enable appropriate reactions for controlling and mitigating of its effects in public spaces and the potential apprehension of aggressors. While several algorithms have been developed for violence detection, their evaluation has primarily focused on controlled scenarios with clear differentiation between violent and non-violent scenes, representing two-class identification problems. However, real-world situations often present challenges where specific actions, such as hugs or effusive greetings, fall into an ambiguous class that is difficult to classify. Consequently, this transforms into a multi-class identification problem. In this study, we assess the performance of three pre-trained models, namely VGG16, ResNet50, and InceptionV3, to evaluate their efficacy in addressing the multi-class identification challenges. Furthermore, we compare their performance against datasets consisting of two-class classifications, where the models generally exhibit satisfactory results. Our analysis reveals that the models struggle to differentiate the ambiguous scenes effectively, with Inception V3 achieving a 0