The efficiency of VLIW processors can be improved by reducing the energy consumption associated with accessing the register-file. This paper presents an energy-aware register allocation approach to reduce the dynamic energy consumption of a scheduled program by using an evolutionary algorithm approach and a register access transition energy model. Additionally, the influence of instruction scheduling on energy-aware register allocation is analyzed. By using the proposed energy-aware compiler backend on synthetic applications with random data in the register-file, the dynamic energy consumption of the total processor core for an exemplary VLIW processor can be reduced by up to 21% compared to a heuristic register allocation. In real-world applications from the domain of hearing aids, energy consumption can be reduced by up to 42.7% for single applications, and 17.6% average across a range of applications.
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