Transthyretin (TTR) amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) therapies include both TTR gene silencers and TTR stabilizers. The role of TTR gene silencers added to background TTR stabilizer therapy is unknown, and the effects of silencer treatment in the absence of stabilizer use is unclear. In the CARDIO-TTRansform study, 1,432 patients, (n=135 [9.4%] female and n=1297 [90.6%] male), with ATTR-CM were randomized (1:1) and treated with the antisense oligonucleotide eplontersen (45 mg every 4 weeks) targeting TTR or with placebo for up to 140 weeks. Fifty-seven percent of patients were taking TTR stabilizers at baseline. In the overall study, treatment with eplontersen did not significantly reduce the primary composite endpoint. Here, in a prespecified analysis, we show that the primary endpoint (a composite of cardiovascular mortality and recurrent cardiovascular events) was modified by baseline stabilizer use (Pinteraction = 0.017). Benefit was seen in those patients not on stabilizers at baseline (RR 0.71, 95% CI, 0.54–0.93, P = 0.012), whereas no benefit seen in those on stabilizers at baseline (RR 1.14, 95% CI, 0.85–1.53, P = 0.39). The safety profile of eplontersen was favorable, irrespective of baseline stabilizer use. Treatment with eplontersen versus placebo demonstrated a clinically meaningful benefit among patients not receiving background stabilizers but provided no additional clinical benefit in those on background stabilizer therapy. These findings of a strong treatment effect modification may offer insight for therapeutic decision-making in clinical practice. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT04136171. As presented at the 2026 ESC Congress, in a secondary analysis of the CARDIOTTRansform trial testing the transthyretin-targeting antisense oligonucleotide eplontersen in patients with transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy, a beneficial effect was observed in patients who were not on transthyretin stabilizers at baseline, but not in those who were on stabilizers.
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