Evaluation of Green Synthesized Ag/Fe3O4 Nanocomposite on Staphylococcus Aureus Wound Infection in Normal and Diabetic Rats under Static Magnetic Field

Bacterial infection is a major cause of non-healing wounds. Due to the growing problem of antibiotic resistance, there is an urgent need to develop effective treatments for chronic and acute wound infections. In this study, starch-based Ag/Fe3O4 nanocomposites (NCs) were synthesized and characterized. Antibacterial and cytotoxicity assays were subsequently performed. The therapeutic effect of NCs on infected wound healing was evaluated in normal and diabetic rats under an external static magnetic field (SMF). Ag/Fe3O4 NCs exhibited superparamagnetic behavior, with uniform spherical particles averaging 32 nm in diameter. In vitro tests revealed effective antibacterial activity and low cytotoxicity of Ag/Fe3O4 NCs compared to Ag nanoparticles. In vivo test on normal infected wounds treated with Ag/Fe3O4 NCs under a static magnetic field (NC + MF) demonstrated significant biofilm reduction by day 7 and 94 % wound closure by day 14 (P < 0.05). Hair follicles appeared only in this group by day 21. In diabetic-infected wounds, the d(NC + MF) group showed 50 % healing at day 7 and nearly complete healing by day 21, with significantly increased fibroblast proliferation and new vessels compared to control (P < 0.05). This study demonstrates the in vivo use of green-synthesized Ag/Fe3O4 NCs combined with a static magnetic field (similar to 9 mT) to enhance biofilm penetration, improve antibacterial efficacy, and reduce NCs dosage. Under SMF, wounds achieved 94 % and 83 % closure by day 14 in normal and diabetic rats, respectively. This approach is a promising non-invasive treatment option for chronic wounds by accelerating biofilm removal and enhancing the healing process.