ABSTRACT Information on extreme rainfall is needed for flood risk management and design and assessment of infrastructure. We review techniques used for estimating the characteristics of extreme rainfall events, covering both research and its application in practice. The review is motivated by a desire to update rainfall estimation methods for the UK, but we include examples from many other parts of the world. We cover estimation of rainfall depth‐duration‐frequency relationships, including regionalisation, development of extreme value models, and their incorporation of seasonality, climatic non‐stationarity and the areal extent of rainfall. Other aspects covered include methods for characterising the temporal and spatial variation of rainfall depths for design rainfall events. For each aspect we identify the main categories of method seen in the literature and then review their advantages, disadvantages and prevalence in practice. We highlight opportunities for incorporating meteorological understanding in the development and application of statistical models of extreme rainfall. We find increasing use of spatial statistics, machine learning and climate model outputs to complement traditional rainfall frequency analysis techniques. The design rainfall event concept, while the focus of this paper, is not necessarily capable of answering some more demanding questions about societal resilience. These may require information on the meteorological context of rainfall: its larger‐scale spatial and longer‐term temporal structure.
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